Interface Management Customer-Supplier Relationship - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2147 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Interface Management: Customer-Supplier Relationship This section is aimed at achieving quite a few goals and concluding the chapter with a thorough analysis and synthesis. First of all, the writer would revisit the research aims and objectives and the research question posed at the beginning of the thesis. By addressing these important pillars of the thesis, the entire effort would be organized into a well-thought-of effort of writing. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Interface Management: Customer-Supplier Relationship" essay for you Create order Such a route to conclusion would also ensure that the entire process was systematic and would help the current writer propose a robust framework of interface management and supply chain in specific relation to procurement, production, and distribution logistics. To begin, the thesis posed a research motivation by stating above that since research on interface management is going on and is informative, latest research is multidimensional and multifaceted. This makes the understanding of the current frameworks and concepts considerably cumbersome not only for a student of management such as this writer but also for the practitioners working within the very same area. Thus, the primary rationale and motivation for this thesis was to investigate the current outlook of the extant research as applied to interface management with specific reference to procurement logistics, production and distribution logistics so that a more robust framework can be offered. Such a framework/design would be informed by research in multidisciplinary areas but with the same field: Interface management. Similarly, the objective of the thesis was to review current empirical literature on interface management with particular reference to procurement logistics, production and distribution logistics, and analyze the entire empirical body of research in a way that can suitably offer an effective approach, model, or framework which can be original contribution in this very area. The motivation and objectives have been addressed throughout the thesis, particularly in Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 where the review of extant literature was extensive, in-depth, and critical. The review undertook critical analysis of a number of areas from global trends in supply chain management [1] to blurring of the processes of product and service manufacturing.[2] The thesis has also extensive drawn from the research on a number of areas that cover procurement to distribution logistics in connection to interfa ce management. In particular, the review of procurement logistics, production/manufacturing logistics, and distribution logistics reveals that these processes, to this day, are not (i) linear and (ii) aimed at facilitating the parent company. [3] In fact, all these processes are aimed at facilitating the end-consumer (considered as a yardstick of business success [4]) who should become the center of all the efforts put in the whole supply chain that includes the major firm and its supplier. Review of procurement, production, and distribution logistics also informs us that today fiercer competition and globalization [5] are giving way to lean production in which knowledge-generation, learning, mutual goal-accomplishment,[6] and many other activities and processes of interface management which has changed previous understanding into a whole new concept of it. Today, hence, supply chain is globally strategized, procured, produced, and distributed.[7] There are a number of integra l sets and subsets of critical understanding while attempts of understanding interface management are carried out. This thesis has undertaken a painstakingly in-depth review of all the critically relevant areas to interface management. Thus, it has been learnt that interface management is a very broad and dynamic concept where the supply chain activities, i.e. procurement, production/manufacturing, and distribution logistics are not linear anymore.[8] Moreover, it is also learned that interface management is not merely about the contact points where the supplier meets the parent firm and deliver the goods/services required.[9] In fact, research reveals that interface management is perhaps one of the most decisive factors for market-success today. The area of research within interface management informs that it is divided into three broad management areas, i.e. inter-organizational interface management[10],[11],[12]; informal interface management [13],[14]; and integrated interfac e management.[15],[16]. Whereas the former two have been identified as underlying managerial activities, the latter is what every firm is trying to achieve today. It is the integration of all the interfaces, hence, that becomes the focal point of extant literature. Useful insights in regards to better and effective interface management have thus been offered and analyzed in this thesis. First off, it has been discussed and analyzed that integrated interface management is a sum of a number of business processes, activities, and operations. The basic premise lies in the relationship of the parent organization and its supplier/subunits at the interface.[17] Available literature extends that today, this relationship has evolved a great deal and have moved from the primitive standardized relation (in which the two stakeholders were considered more in terms of shopkeeper and customer) up to the interactive one in which both put serious efforts to achieve the mutual business goal: end-u ser satisfaction.[18] Second, inter-organizational interface management is a combination of standardized practices as well as components like reciprocal coordination and collaboration [19], where the two stakeholders strive to achieve integration through supplier development and skills and knowledge sharing and transfer activities.[20] Likewise, interface management at this stage is also a matter of planning strategically all the areas from procurement through production to distribution logistics so that supplier development eventually becomes an integrated business practice that benefits both the parties.[21] The third important strand in this area is that of development of interfaces by combined efforts.[22] This entire process is thus cyclic and represents incessantly observed activities and processes from both sides. The model has been discussed that proposes these functions: awareness, exploration, expansion, commitment, and dissolution. Next comes the stage of managing inte rorganizational interface through exchange and communication of cross-functional beliefs by which the integration becomes well-aligned facilitating a market differentiation strategy for long-terms sustainable competitive advantage.[23] Last, effective problem solution is highly required to make interface management a successful and integral part of a dynamic supply chain management. The problem, challenges, and their solutions, however, is addressed at three points: in the supplierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s organization, the parent organization, and at the interface.[24] Major problems pointed out in literature are fear of losing cross-functional skills; loss of control over supplier; fear of supplierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s bypassing the buyer; unstable power positions; strategic conflicts.[25] It is only through mutual efforts, trust, communication, and efforts that these problems and issues can be addressed for mutual benefits. Next area, informal interface management, was also analyze d for its importance and effectiveness. Informally present between the two organizations, this level is necessarily about reciprocal willingness by the parent organization and its supplier(s) to learn from knowledge sources that lie outside their organization. This capacity enables a firm to process knowledge from its surroundings and to make use of it for its long-term competitiveness (absorptive capacity). Most importantly, such knowledge is gained nowhere but at the many interfaces at which the firm communicates with other organizations.[26] In addition, informal interface management can be highly beneficial for both the stakeholders involved if it is geared up with the personal contact,[27] trust,[28] corroboration renting[29] (see above), seamless communication facilitated by internet-based technologies (among others)[30], and informative sharing and exchange,[31],[32]. Such a dynamic, integrated, and reciprocal interface management, eventually, leads firm to perform wonders in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business world of ever-increasing complexities and competition. Such an interface, thus, is directed toward the long-sought-for stage: integrated, unified, one-piece, and uninterrupted interface.[33] At this stage, however, buyer-supplier relationship has moved on a great deal as much as interface management has been developed globally;[34] Analysis of overall trends in interface and supply chain management show that the field as a whole is now well-informed.[35] With all the above synthesis of the critical analysis of interface and supply chain management, it is quite rational to also revisit the contribution of research as posited above in the first chapter. The current research effort aimed to review, synthesize, and analyze extant empirical literature to offer an effective framework or approach within interface management, procurement logistics, production and distribution logistics, the contribution was expected to inform the wider research communit y of any connections that can be made across the studies to be reviewed here. While making such connections, it was desired that the effort would point to certain directions that can help prospective students, practitioners, and researcher within the management discipline and other relevant disciplines to gain a more effective understanding of this area as a whole. It was also anticipated that the research would open new avenues of research within this area of inquiry. At this point, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s appropriate to state that the extensive review, examination, and critical analysis of interface management has lend insights into the whole area with which the current writer feels safe to propose a fresh model of successful interface management: Targeted Interface and Integrated Supply Chain Management Model. This model also answers the research question postulated in the first chapter, i.e. Given the available body of extant literature on interface management, within procureme nt logistics, production and distribution logistics, how can the internal customer-supplier relationship be more comprehensively interpreted and understood for an effective business approach? The figure below illustrates the model: Figure 9: Proposed Model of Targeted Interface and Integrated Supply Chain Management The model (proposed after the entire critical analysis) suggests that today most successful interfaces are integrated with the overall supply chain where the two work dynamically with visibly blurring boundaries. The lifeblood of both integrated supply chain and seamless interfaces (while permeating each other constantly) is in the 8 critical success factors. Four are within the formal interface management: (i) coordination, (ii) planning, (iii) development, and (iv) management; and the other four fall within the sphere of informal interface management: (i) trust, (ii) communication, (iii) information exchange, and (iv) technological assistance. Where the re d color shows a lack of security and instability at different interfaces an organization is involved, these 8 critical success factors, when carried out effectively, can change this uncertainly into an organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strength and internal growth and development: green color. As the customer/end-user has been extensively established as the center of all the business activities, it has been placed in the center, i.e., all of these activates are primarily targeted to the end-user. It is this fresh focus and understanding of integrated interface and supply chain management that is necessary in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business environment. With this analysis, the current thesis meets all of its aims, objectives, and addressed the primary research question as well as proposes a fresh perspective on interface management with reference to procurement, production/manufacturing, and distribution logistics. Since every day new challenges are posed to the businesses of t he world, this approach is inevitable. Older approaches, stances, and positions must be abandoned to work out new and fresh ways in which interfaces management takes a whole new meaning (as proposed by the Targeted Interface Model above). It must be kept in view the supply chain is no more a linear process; nor is it something in which heavy inventory and distribution could prove successful. Moreover, interfaces are multiplying by the day and have more and more blurred boundaries. Thus, todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s supply chain management is all about integration, liquidation, and fluidity of strategies, processes, communication, and other business activities. At the end, it would be equally rational to state that interface management faces quite a few challenges. The most serious challenges lie in the areas of the effect of interface management on the buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and the supplierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s development.[36] Research does not inform us how different interfaces im pact on the success of the two stakeholders involved. There are other areas as well, but focusing on this area may be immediately useful. Overall, it is expected that in the near future with the help of further research, more advances with information and communication technologies, better policy frameworks globally, and with more effective business mechanisms, interface management would move further on. This thesis has made its due contribution. 1 | Page [1] cf. Braschel and Posch (2013), p. 36. [2] cf. Braschel and Posch (2013), p. 36. [3] cf. Handfield (2006) p. 58. [4] cf. Fabbe-Costes and Colin (2007), p. 33. [5] cf. Taylor and Brunt (2002), pp. 21-29. [6] cf. Schmickl and Kieser (2008). [7] cf. Taylor and Brunt (2002), pp. 21-29. [8] cf. Parasuraman, Berry, and Zeithaml (1991). [9] cf. McIvor, Humphreys, and Huang (2000). [10] cf. Dowlatshahi (2000). [11] cf. Nellore, (2012), pp. 21-19. [12] cf. Gadde, HÃÆ' ¥kansson, and Persson (2010), pp. 140-155. [13] cf. Cohen and Levinthal (1990). [14] cf. Dyer (1996). [15] cf. Frohlich M. T., Westbrook R (2001), p. 186. [16] cf. Zailani and Rajagopal (2005). [17] cf. Gadde, HÃÆ' ¥kansson, and Persson (2010), pp. 140-155. [18] cf. Kerber and Dreckshage, (2011), pp. 195-206. [19] cf. Monczka, et al., (2008), pp. 121-137. [20] cf. Sanchez and Mahoney (2002), p. 129. [21] cf. MarÃÆ' ­k et al. (2002). [22] cf. Burtonsha w-Gunn, S. (2009), pp. 211-222. [23] cf. Rogers (2009), p 187. [24] cf. MarÃÆ' ­k et al. (2002). [25] cf. Quinn (1992), pp. 71-95. [26] cf. Cohen and Levinthal (1990). [27] cf. Kieser (2001). [28] cf. Uzzi, B. (1997) 35-67. [29] cf. Dyer and Singh (1998), p. 668. [30] cf. Harrison, Lee, and Neale, (2005), pp. 115-122. [31] cf. Furlan, et al. (2010). [32] cf. Wagner and Bode (2014), p. 68. [33] cf. Frohlich M. T., Westbrook R (2001), p. 186. [34] cf. Cooper et al. (1997). [35] cf. Bowersox et al. (2000), pp. 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"15, c. [36] cf. Revilla and Choi (2011).

Effects Of Smoking On The Mind And Body - 1578 Words

the past century smoking has been integrated into our society, and it has been lingering without any uproar. The beginning of the 20th century was a time where smoking cigarettes was something a doctor would do in a hospital after surgery. Smoking was so common around that time youths were even indulging into the harmful habit with no penalties. In today’s time, there is a significant amount of awareness to the destructive nature of smoking, and any other tobacco product. Science has reached many heights, and each year we learn more about tobacco and its harms.This paper is designed to highlight significant harms of tobacco smoke, to walk through the withdrawal process, and present the reader the steps the body goes through to detox itself and repair any damage caused by the smoke inhalation. Smoking: It’s Effects on the Mind and Body Overview The proportion of smokers who say they would like to give up smoking is lower for smokers aged 50 and older (57 percent) than for smokers aged 18-29 (68 percent) and 30-49 (67 percent)( Gallup, 1989). Smoking can slither into our lives by various ways. It can be a social tranquilizer, it can come from other drug usage, from depression, or just a general curiosity. No matter how you contracted the urge to smoke, it is all downhill from that moment onwards. Most people who start smoking do not feel the harmful effects right away, but the other troubling part is that nicotine one of theShow MoreRelatedSecondhand Smoke Essay807 Words   |  4 PagesSecondhand smoke is just as harmful as smoking because it leads to a higher prevalence of cancer and heart disease, it affects children’s health, and harms nonsmokers since they are healthy. You ever thought if smoking was harmful to you or your friends? Is smoking really that good? Many years smoking has been proven to be harmful. Smoking takes control of your mind, body and physical appearance sometimes. Many smokers are starting to smoke now at a young age. Smoking isn’t only harmful to you but allRead MoreMy Mom Smoked Cigarettes From The Time Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pagesfamily. Her husband, my dad, did not like the smell nor did my sisters and I. It got to the point in which she had to go outside to smoke, spending an hour of her time talking on the phone, lighting one cigarette after the other. My mom started smoking cigarettes back when she was â€Å"a sophomore in high school,† stating that the start of her habit was due to â€Å"peer pressure,† and the fact that â€Å"it was the cool thing to do† since â€Å"all of (her) friends were doing it† (Menard 1). Every day after schoolRead MorePersuasive Essay On Cigarettes844 Words   |  4 Pagesthat time, they have been perceived as this trend setting drug that will make you super cool. Their advertisements convince the buyers that they would make you more appealing to the other sex, more interesting, and a better person if you would start smoking, and that for the most part has kept up to this day. However, thankfully to awareness advertisements we have become more informed on how dangerous cigarettes really are. We now know what our grandparents didn’t know at the time, that this â€Å"superRead MoreShould We Be Healthier Than Smoking Cigarettes870 Words   |  4 PagesIn our generation vaping is know to be healthier than smoking cigarettes. Vaping is vapor produced by an electronic cigarette or similar device. On the other hand, cigarettes are thin cylinders that contain tobacco rolled in paper. In America vaping is becoming popular since people vape for a hobby. While smoking cigarettes is known as a stress reliever, people tend to like it more than vaping. 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But after technology advanced, scientists found the atrocious side effects of smoking such as health problems concerning the human body, as well as gruesome personal side effects. Majority of th e chemicals released in the air and taken into the human body will cause manyRead MoreSmoking Is A Controversial Topic On Modern Society1201 Words   |  5 PagesWhen talking about smoking one phrase always pops up in a person s mind, â€Å"Smoking Kills†. Considered as one of the biggest public health disasters in the world smoking is a very controversial topic in modern society. As of recent times due to the link smoking has with serious health issues, many advertisement have been made to make people aware of the dangers. In the advertisement â€Å"Smoking Kills† the hand that holds the cigarette is compared to that of a gun. Since a gun has a dangerous atmosphereRead MoreEssay about Should Cigarette Smoking Be Banned?1083 Words   |  5 Pages101-05 Nov 19, 2012 Should Cigarette Smoking Be Banned? The harms of smoking have become more popular around the world. In my country many people die every year .You could also find more information about these problem in the many websites on the internet which discuss this problem also when you go to any hospital you will see many photos on the walls that considers about effects problem smoking. Smoking has a lot of disadvantages than advantages for us. Smoking habit can lead to many cancers andRead MoreEac Research Paper. â€Å"Where There’S Smoke, There’S Fire!†1085 Words   |  5 Pagesfire!† Smoking can be very detrimental to one’s health, something about which many of us Saudi smokers are either unaware of or do not care. Furthermore, numerous men in my country use cigarettes, and some of us have smoked from a young age. Smoking can cause many problems for people of any age, even if they do not utilize tobacco themselves. Frequently, death, doom and destruction are what come to people’s minds when cigarettes come to mind. I have personally witnessed the evils of smoking, someRead MoreMarijuana Should Be Kept Illegal1302 Words   |  5 Pagesto your body. It is very addicting and people think that it is a harmless little plant but in reality, it can cause so much harm to your body. So many people in America are smoking Marijuana and they think that it doesn’t do anything to harm them because it is an all natural plant. Marijuana is smoked all over America and in some places it is illegal and others it it legal. People start smoking Marijuana at a young age and they don’t realize how much damage it is causing to their body. It kills

Juvenile Justice Systems - 833 Words

Introduction Juvenile crime is a term around the world that is difficult to pinpoint and although there are several definitions many fail to be concrete. There are many factors that play into sentencing juveniles or minors upon a crime committed. How old are they? Can they mentally form criminal intent? Are they old enough to no longer be treated as children? Some people would argue that a criminal is just that, regardless of age. Research on the other hand shows that juveniles have underdeveloped brains who at times have difficulty rationalizing decisions and weighing out consequences. It is important that these issues are addressed because of the implications this has on not only the juveniles but the community around them. These†¦show more content†¦A study showed that the frontal lobe the largest part of the brain that controls the brains most advanced functions is the last part of the brain to develop. So even though they are perfectly able in other parts of the brain t heir lack of a developed frontal lobe can distort a juveniles decisions. (American Bar Association, 2003) This makes it difficult for juveniles to measure consequences beyond their actions in the moment. In a film about incarcerated Juveniles 14 year old Colt was convicted of killing his stepfather. He tells his story and what he was thinking before committing the act, â€Å"I didn’t think I would go to prison, I thought the worse they could give me was probation or boys camp, I didn’t realize that after the fact that every decision I make has consequences.† (Kent, 2011) Research in adolescent brains has shown us that they use their amygdala to make decisions. Amygdala is responsible for fear and anxiety making juveniles reliance on it quite dangerous. In male adolescent in particular we see an increase in testosterone which increases aggression and in females the increase of hormones causes depression anxiety causing irrational choices. (American Bar Associati on, 2003) Often the underlying issue behind juvenile delinquency is due to factors that they juvenile cannot control. Growing up in situations where there was substance abuse, being the victim of physical or sexual assault can triggerShow MoreRelatedJuvenile And Juvenile Justice System752 Words   |  4 PagesThe juvenile justice system and criminal justice system also known as the adult justice system is two different systems. The juvenile justice system is children who are under the age of 18 years old. After the age of 18, it is considered to be an adult it will enter through the adult justice system. There ate states that allows youth to stay in the juvenile justice system from age 18 until 21. The main differences between the juvenile justice system and criminal justice system is rehabilitation andRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System And Juveniles1663 Words   |  7 Pagescriminal justice system and juveniles, there have been many landmark cases that have made a significant i mpact on the juvenile justice system. The cases arise from dealing with certain aspects that comes from handling juveniles entering the system. Since juveniles are very different from adults they have to deal with them a certain way and a case by case basis. The court cases concerning juveniles and the decisions that have come from them is what has made what the juvenile justice system is todayRead MoreJuveniles And The Juvenile Justice System1559 Words   |  7 PagesJuveniles committing crimes is not a new issued being introduced to society; actually, it has been an issue for centuries. However, the big question is, should juveniles be tried in adult courts? 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Consequently, if courtsRead MoreJuvenile Justice And The Juvenile System4789 Words   |  20 PagesJuvenile Justice Consultant When thinking of reforming the juvenile justice system one has to think; what can we do to make this better for everyone involve? There are some programs that can be implemented when trying to make a change in the juvenile system. The main thing is getting parents or the guardian more involved in the child’s whereabouts. Secondly the community where the youth will have a place to go and have something more constructive to do to keep them out of trouble. Law enforcementRead MoreJuvenile Justice System856 Words   |  4 Pagesthe juveniles. A juvenile is someone who is at or below the upper age of the original jurisdiction in their resident state (Juvenile Justice, 2013). Juveniles due to age are not treated at the same level as adults; due to this we have Juvenile Justice. Juvenile justice was said to be considered all the way back to the early years from the English brought over to American culture from England (Juvenile Justice, 2013). Since then in America we have ha d 5 major periods in the Juvenile Justice systemRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System795 Words   |  4 Pagessentencing demonstrates initial success in reducing recidivism rates in national outcome studies. The goal of these diversion programs is to keep adolescents out of the juvenile justice system whenever possible (Lipsey, Howell, Kelly, Chapman, Carver, 2010). These diversion programs divert adolescents from entering the juvenile justice system and offer alternatives to formal disciplinary action (Chantoe Manton, 2014). Teen courts (also called Youth Courts) are a growing type of diversion program that

Taking a Look at Nicomachean Ethics - 957 Words

Nicomachean Ethics I chose to write about Aristotle and his beliefs about how the virtuous human being needs friends from Book VIII from Nicomachean Ethics. In this essay I will talk about the three different kinds of friendship that (Utility, Pleasure, and Goodness) that Aristotle claims exist. I will also discuss later in my paper why Aristotle believes that Goodness is the best type of friendship over Utility or Pleasure. In addition to that I will also talk about the similarities and differences that these three friendships share between one another. And lastly I will argue why I personally agree with Aristotle and his feelings on how friendship and virtue go hand in hand and depend on each other. Aristotle believes that†¦show more content†¦And those who wish for good things for their friends for their own sake are friends most of all.†(page. 147, book VIII, chapter 3) This quote explains how Aristotle believes that this is the best type of friendship because he believes that this friendship is so long lasting because he says that friendship lasts as long as people stay good and virtue is enduring. Aristotle believes that this is the rarest form of friendship because it takes two people who are committed to one another and not only looking for the benefits in which Utility or Pleasure are consisted of. He also explains how this friendship can only work for the â€Å"good† person, these certain people also have to be in some ways alike as well as beneficial to one another. This meaning that both sides of the relationship need to provide benefits to the other person in addition to being pleasant to each other. I do have to agree with Aristotle when he state states that Goodness/virtue is the best kind of friendship, and that it is the most â€Å"successful† type of friendship. I agree with this because with Utility and Pleasure they are not exactly what you would call a true friendship. With these two kinds, they both only work for a short period of time when at least one of the people involved is gainingShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Issue Of Physician Assisted Suicide1580 Words   |  7 PagesIn Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle establishes that â€Å"every art and every inquiry, and similarly every action and pursuit, is thought to aim at some good and for this reason the good has rightly been declared to be that at which all things aim† and explains this through the dialectic of disposition, particularly between vice and virtue. In chapter four, Aristotle affirms that since â€Å"all knowledge and every pursuit aims at some good†, we inherently seek the highest form which is known to both the massesRead MoreKant And Aristotle s Views On Ethics And Morals1480 Words   |  6 PagesAlyson Huttlin Professor Strom Philosophy 300 Class Section 1200 Recitation-Tuesday 10am 2/11/2015 What Is The Highest Good? Immanuel Kant and Aristotle are two of the most prominent philosophers on ethics and morals. Each has their own idea about human life and what the highest good is. It has even been said that in his Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals Kant disproves Aristotle’s view. In order to prove that Kant successfully disproves Aristotle’s theory, we must first understand both theoriesRead MoreThe Death Penalty On The Criminal Justice System1491 Words   |  6 Pagescriminal justice system? Should it be used to deter other criminals, should it be used to punish those who commit crimes, or does it have any place at all? In understanding the issue of the death penalty from a moral perspective, it is important to look back at philosophers of the past to better understand the ethical ramifications of the concept of capital punishment. We will be examining two notable philosophers—Aristotle and Immanuel Kant. Through their ideas on justice and theories of punishmentRead More Aristotle’s Account of Pleasure1276 Words   |  6 Pagesalways waiting to be amused. Self indulgence is a very natural aspect of human life. Does pleasure affect our lives? Will it make us happy at the end? Well, Aristotle will let us know what it means to be happy and have a good life in the Nicomachean Ethics. In the process, he reveals his own account of pleasure as well as other philosophers opposing views on the subject. The author highlights the key them by telling us that pleasure is not the chief good. However, it is an end in itself, whichRead MoreTaking a Look at Euthanasia1787 Words   |  7 Pagesthe act of suicide in his book, Nicomachean Ethics. Voluntary euthanasia is the act of a patient wishing death upon himself and it being acted out by a doctor, which is very similar to suicide. Therefore, Aristotle’s teachings on suicide can be brought to the surface when dealing with the controversial issue of voluntary euthanasia. Simply put, Aristotle does not condone the action of killing oneself in any certain circumstance. In book five of Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle raises the question ofRead MoreAristotle on Friendship Essay1134 Words   |  5 Pagesfriendship, books VIII and IX of the Nicomachean Ethics deal solely with this topic. A modern day definition of a friend can be defined as â€Å"one joined to another in intimacy and mutual benevolence independently of sexual or family love†. (Oxford English Dictionary). Aristotle’s view on friendship is much broader than this. His arguments are certainly not flawless. In this essay I will outline what Aristotle said about friendship in the Nichomachaen Ethics and highlight possible flaws in his argumentsRead MoreAristotle s The Oresteia And Sophocles The Three Theban Plays1342 Words   |  6 Pagesself which appears in Aeschylus’s The Oresteia and Sophocles’ The Three Theban Plays, is a self which is caught between the choice of two evils and between following natural and civic laws. However, the philosophical self in Aristotle’s The Nicomachean Ethics focuses on choice as well, but the choice of the highest good such that the fundamental aim of the self is happiness and to become rational human beings. The topic of choice also relates to the discourse between fate and free will and whichRead MoreAristotle and the Book of Nicomanchean Ethics2051 Words   |  9 PagesAristotle and the Book of Nicomanchean Ethics In Book I of Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle states that the ultimate human goal or end is happiness. Aristotle then describes steps required for humans to obtain the ultimate happiness. He also states that activity is an important requirement of happiness. A virtuous person takes pleasure in doing virtuous things. He then goes on to say that living a life of virtue is something pleasurable in itself. The role of virtue to Aristotle is an important oneRead More Aristotle Essay777 Words   |  4 Pagescarefully outlined courses, which were collected and arranged by later editors. Among the texts are dissertations on: logic, called Organon; natural sciences, called Physics; nature, scope and properties of being, called Metaphysics; and ethics, called Nicomachean Ethics (dedicated to his son Nicomachus). Some other works include his Rhetoric, his Poetics, his Politics, and his Economics. Methods Aristotles philosophy laid its principal stress on biology. Aristotle regarded the world asRead MoreEssay about Philosophy and Therapeutic Recreation 1533 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosophical positioning. Eudaimonia, Leisure Ability Model, A Strength Paradigm Aristotle posits Eudaimonia, human flourishing and happiness, as the ‘chief good’ of humanity achieved through ‘reflective activity’ over a lifetime (Aristotle, The Nicomachean Ethics, 2002). From my perspective, the reflective activity to which he alludes is the pursuit of leisure. Although my subscription to Aristotle’s moral positioning on this particular pursuit is not unequivocal, I do agree with the basic concept

Psychology Substance Abuse and Dependence

Question: Discuss about thePsychologyfor Substance Abuse and Dependence. Answer: Introduction Rashly acting tendency without considering the future consequences is known as impulsivity. It is multi-faced construct which is broadly referred to as the incapability to delay gratification. There are certain psychiatric disorders which are linked strongly with the impulsive behavior which includes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), substance abuse and dependence, pathological gambling and eating disorders. A very little is known about the impulsivity and there prevails a strong interest to gain better understanding about the processes that are underlying impulsivity. So that the neurobiological mechanism that are contributing the maladaptive behavior symptom of these types of psychopathologies could be fully understand. It is assumed that these understanding will help in the development and betterment of the treatment and prevention strategies of the impulsivity related disorders. In this respect several behavioral measures and self-reports have been made into act wh ich helps to assess several impulsivity components (Cyders Coskunpinar, 2011). Impulsive action and impulsive choice are the two separate components of behavioral impulsivity. Difficulty and delayed gratification and making maladaptive decisions are considered in impulsive choice and it is measured by probability discounting task or delay discounting task which includes a process in which the participants have to choose between large, probabilistic or delayed rewards and small, immediate rewards. To assess impulsive choice in the laboratory risk taking task like Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) have been prepared. Impulsive action refers to the ability by which unwanted or inappropriate behavior is inhibited. To assess the impulsive action there are some laboratory task designed those includes go/no go task, continuous performance task (CPT) and stop signal task (Cyders Coskunpinar, 2012). Validity and Reliability The behavioral components of the impulsivity are linked to a substance abuse either as a consequence of drug use or as a pre-existing trait. The drug abuser and heavy drinkers have a tendency to exhibit greater impulsive choice on discounting task, and they also have a more tendency to make a risker decision on the BART. A heightened levels of the behavioral disinhibition as compared to controls on the stop signal and the go/no-go tasks is present in the alcohol and drug abusers. Impulsive behavior is also affected by acute doses of certain drugs. Alcohol intake makes an increment in both the impulsive action and in impulsive choice. On the other hand a stimulant drug may either increase or decrease the impulsive behaviors depending the nature of the population studied (Weafer et al., 2013). Recent studies reveal that the drug abusers show greater impulsive action after administration of stimulant. A decrease in the impulsive choice, action and inattention is shown by the healthy con trols. If all these evidences are taken together it becomes quite clear that alcohol and drug use can be the cause of different forms of impulsive behaviors (Verdejo-Garca et al., 2010). Though there is a widespread use of the behavioral impulsivity tasks in the research of substance abuse, but in the establishment of the psychometric properties of them the relative devotion of attention is very less, more precisely reliability of them over repeated administration. Clinical samples give some evidence, particularly individual with ADHD, of moderate to high reliability of tasks assessing impulsive action. Similarly good test-retest reliability in healthy adults is demonstrated by impulsive choice measures (Vonmoos et al., 2013). For delay discounting tasks the correlations that is reported is ranging from r = .64 to r = .91 and have a sample sizes ranging from n = 22 to n = 299. On BART the correlation reported is of r = .77 in a sample size of n=40. A study has been used to examine the reliability of the multiple behavioral impulsivity tasks in the same participants (Bari Robbins, 2013). The study includes a battery of executive function measures that is three impuls ive action measures. For commission errors on the go/no-go task a significant test-retest reliability was observed, but it was not observed for the stop signal measures or CPT. However the sample size in this study was n=23 and the assessment of the reliability of a range of behavioral impulsivity tasks was very important, this also includes the measure of the impulsive choice and inattention, in a larger sample of healthy adults (Derefinko et al., 2014). It is very important that the estimation of the measures of the behavioral impulsivity should be reliable because the question that whether these measures assess temporary states mainly or whether stable traits are reflected by them is addressed by it. Naturally, self-report inventories of impulsive personality are taken to be trait-like measures, whereas behavioral tasks are thought to evaluate more changing states. Depending on an individuals motivation, mood, or level of fatigue the performance may be expected to vary from day to day. In the prediction of the vulnerable states a pronounced day to day variability could be of major interest, however if the day to day variability is very low it is indicated that the performance on the task is a stable, trait like measure. Here the examination of the consistency of performance on these measures that are administered on two separate occasions separated at least by one day, and are used to study the task performance variability accordin g to the variation in the mood (Sharma et al., 2014). The recent studies states that the test-retest reliability of a battery of standardized behavioral impulsivity tasks. The measure that are included in the impulsive choice are probability discounting, delay discounting, and the BART; measures of the impulsive action includes the go/no-go task, stop signal task, and CPT, and the measures of inattention includes the reaction time variability on a simple reaction time task and omission errors on the CPT. The UPPS-P and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale are the two self-report measures of impulsive personality that were widely used (Stahl et al., 2014). Impulsive Choice Delay and Probability Discounting Tasks (DDT and PDT) The relative value of immediate vs. delayed/probable consequences are assessed by these tasks. In these tasks the participants have to make a series of choices between larger, delayed or probabilistic rewards and smaller, immediate rewards. The participants are told that at the end of the session a number will be generated randomly, and depending on that number, they could possibly receive one of the rewards they chose. An altering procedure is used by the task to derive an indifference point at which the definite and probabilistic or delayed and immediate options are judged to be of equivalent subjective value for the participant. The indifference points are plotted to form a discount function, and area under the curve (AUC) of the discount function provides the major dependent measure of impulsive choice. Smaller AUC indicates a steeper discounting curve, and therefore greater impulsivity (Smits et al., 2013). Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) BART is a task in which it provides a measure of risk taking ability. In this task, a balloons appear on the screen, and the participants are told to pump each balloon as large as possible with the help of pressing a key, without exploding the balloon. Every pump upsurges the points earned, but if the balloon explodes, all points are lost from that trial. There were thirty balloons which were presented, and the average number of pumps on trials in which the balloons does not explode are the dependent measure (Kurdziel et al.., 2014). Impulsive Action Stop Signal Task This task deals with the measures of the rapidity of response inhibition. Participants are given instruction to react as rapidly as possible to go signals presented on the screen, and to stop the reactions on the occasional trials in which a stop signal on an auditory tone occurs. The main outcome measure is the time needed to stop a response (Alegre et al., 2013). Go/No-Go Task The go/no-go task deals in the measurement of the ability to obstruct inappropriate reactions when presented with different stimuli. The dependent measure of importance is the number of cases that fails to obstruct a response (Uzefovsky et al., 2016). Continuous Performance Task II This is a task in which the participants have to view a series of letters, and are asked to click a button only when they see a "target" stimulus. The number of false detection of the target stimulus provides the measure of the impulsive action (Mikolov et al., 2013). Inattention Simple Reaction Time Task (SRT) The SRT is a task which is used to measure attention lapses. Participants performed a key press as quickly as possible to a target presented on the screen at variable intervals. Based on a participants delivery of RT, a deviance from the mode score was measured as the variance between a participants mean and modal RT. This value represents the percentage of unusually long RTs, which concluded to reproduce transitory lapses in attention (Gentier et al., 2013). Continuous Performance Task II (CPT) A measure of inattention is also provided by the CPT. The lapses of attention are measured through failures to react to go stimuli that is errors of omission (Mesquita et al., 2016) Impulsive Personality Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) BIS is a scale that comprises 30-item of self-report measure of impulsivity that comprises of three principal impulsivity features: Motor, Non-planning, and Attention (Steinberg et al., 2013). UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P) The UPPS-P is a scale which comprises 59-item of self-report inventory which assesses five features of impulsivity: Premeditation, Urgency, Perseverance, Positive Urgency, and Sensation-Seeking (Billieux et al., 2012). Profiles of Mood States (POMS) It is a specification list which consists of 72 adjectives normally used to describe temporary mood states. Eight groups (scales) of objects have been parted empirically using feature analysis (Anger, Anxiety, Vigor, Depression, Fatigue, Friendliness, Confusion, Elation), and from these two composite scales of Arousal and Positive Mood can be measured (Shichiri et al., 2016). Discussion In this study examination of the test-retest reliability of a battery of self-report and behavioral impulsivity measures is done, it includes assessments of impulsive action, impulsive choice, and inattention. Maximum number of the tasks showed high test-retest reliability, the self-report measures represents the highest reliability, tailed by measures of impulsive action and impulsive choice. In contrast the measures of inattention have the least reliability. The Individual variations in mood across sessions were scrutinized in respect to discrepancies in performance across sessions for every behavioral measure. The only relationship that observed was higher positive arousal and mood were linked with less impulsive choice on the DDT. The recent study shows that the high reliability of behavioral measures of impulsivity that is observed is consistent with previous reports. The steady performance observed throughout the sessions proposes that these tasks genuinely assess reasonably stable forms of behavior, consistent with a measure of a trait. Along with this the deficiency of association between the variability in the task performance and variability in the mood measures (except DDT) suggests that the day-to-day changeability in mood is improbable to have a strong impact over the performance of these types of tasks. It is indistinct that why the DDT particularly was related to mood states. However, in spite of the associations between mood and discounting within subjects, the measure establishes high reliability which suggests the impact of mood over performance do not significantly diminish from its stability. Taking these findings as a whole, it can be established that the consistency of examination of the beha vioral impulsivity tasks that supports the continued use of them as indicators of individual differences in the research of substance abuse. The imported thing that is to be noted is that in spite of the great test-retest reliability and analogous mean performance scores detected throughout the sessions, statistically important variances in performance were witnessed for certain of the measures. It will be very important to consider while designing the studies which includes repetitive valuations of behavioral impulsivity. Precisely, it is very crucial that the studies premeditated to inspect how the manipulation shows its influence over impulsivity (for example Alcohol administration, stress-induction, drug administration,) and hire a counter-balanced strategies in order to explain the small changes that should be incorporated in performance over sessions and that are not related to the manipulation of the study. Along with this the participants are allowed to perform acquaintance or rehearsal trials on these types of tasks could be helpful to stabilize performance over forthcoming sessions. The studies of present day had several limitations. The study includes only a certain group of participants which restricts the generalization of the results. However it was necessary that the restrictiveness of the racial make-up of the sample should be there so that the current analyses of the data can be done, it would be significant for forthcoming studies to repeat these finding in a more varied sample. Evidences suggested that impulsivity fluctuates with the phase of menstrual cycle, and this is another feature that should be taken into consideration in respect to reliability of impulsivity tasks in future studies (Perales et al., 2009). Lastly, the recent study only evaluated task performance on two circumstances. Assumed that evaluates the effects of drug on impulsivity measures often include repetitive administrations of variable drug quantities and dosages; it will be very significant to examine constancy of performance through multiple analysis sessions. Overall, the current examination establishes that the behavioral measures of impulsivity are dependable measures and hence can be assuredly used to evaluate the various aspects of impulsivity as intermediate phenotypes of the drug abuse. These tasks can be used to examine relations between current use of drug and impulsive behaviors, the part of impulsivity in forecasting the long-term drug abuse and use, acute drug effects, and the impact of chronic use of drug over impulsive behaviors. Furthermore, these measures can be used potentially to screen pharmacotherapies aiming impulse control procedures in order to fight against alcohol and drug dependency. Ultimately these task are used in the neuroimaging studies and these studies will help in additional understanding of the knowledge about the neurobiological base of the impulsive behavior. Reference Alegre, M., Lopez-Azcarate, J., Obeso, I., Wilkinson, L., Rodriguez-Oroz, M. C., Valencia, M., ... Obeso, J. A. (2013). The subthalamic nucleus is involved in successful inhibition in the stop-signal task: a local field potential study in Parkinson's disease. Experimental neurology, 239, 1-12. Bari, A., Robbins, T. W. (2013). Inhibition and impulsivity: behavioral and neural basis of response control. Progress in neurobiology, 108, 44-79. Billieux, J., Rochat, L., Ceschi, G., Carr, A., Offerlin-Meyer, I., Defeldre, A. C., ... Van der Linden, M. (2012). Validation of a short French version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 53(5), 609-615. Cyders, M. A., Coskunpinar, A. (2011). Measurement of constructs using self-report and behavioral lab tasks: Is there overlap in nomothetic span and construct representation for impulsivity?. Clinical psychology review, 31(6), 965-982. Cyders, M. A., Coskunpinar, A. (2012). The relationship between self-report and lab task conceptualizations of impulsivity. Journal of Research in Personality, 46(1), 121-124. Derefinko, K. J., Peters, J. R., Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A., Walsh, E. C., Adams, Z. W., Lynam, D. R. (2014). Relations between trait impulsivity, behavioral impulsivity, physiological arousal, and risky sexual behavior among young men. Archives of sexual behavior, 43(6), 1149-1158. Gentier, I., Augustijn, M., Deforche, B., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Lenoir, M., D'Hondt, E. (2013). Performance in simple and choice reaction time tasks between obese and healthy-weight children and the influence of physical activity. In 2013 Annual conference of the International Society for Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (ISBNPA) (pp. 552-553). Kurdziel, G., Collado-Rodriguez, A., Townsend, J. M., MacPherson, L., Lejuez, C. W. (2014). Differences in anxiety sensitivity and sensation-seeking in relation to risk-taking on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Drug Alcohol Dependence, 140, e113. Mesquita, C., Nazar, B. P., Pinna, C. M., Rabelo, B., Serra-Pinheiro, M. A., Sergeant, J., Mattos, P. (2016). How can Continuous Performance Test help to assess inattention when mood and ADHD symptoms coexist?. Psychiatry Research, 243, 326-330. Mikolov, T., Yih, W. T., Zweig, G. (2013, June). Linguistic Regularities in Continuous Space Word Representations. In HLT-NAACL (Vol. 13, pp. 746-751). Perales, J. C., Verdejo-Garca, A., Moya, M., Lozano, ., Prez-Garca, M. (2009). Bright and dark sides of impulsivity: performance of women with high and low trait impulsivity on neuropsychological tasks. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 31(8), 927-944. Sharma, L., Markon, K. E., Clark, L. A. (2014). Toward a theory of distinct types of impulsive behaviors: A meta-analysis of self-report and behavioral measures. Psychological Bulletin, 140(2), 374. Shichiri, K., Shibuya, M., Watanabe, M., Tahashi, M., Kaminushi, K., Uenoyama, T., ... Suzuki, Y. (2016). Correlations between the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and the WHOQOL-26 among Japanese University Students. Health, 8(05), 416. Smits, R. R., Stein, J. S., Johnson, P. S., Odum, A. L., Madden, G. J. (2013). Testretest reliability and construct validity of the Experiential Discounting Task. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 21(2), 155. Stahl, C., Voss, A., Schmitz, F., Nuszbaum, M., Tscher, O., Lieb, K., Klauer, K. C. (2014). Behavioral components of impulsivity. Journal of experimental psychology: General, 143(2), 850. Steinberg, L., Sharp, C., Stanford, M. S., Tharp, A. T. (2013). New tricks for an old measure: The development of the Barratt Impulsiveness ScaleBrief (BIS-Brief). Psychological assessment, 25(1), 216. Uzefovsky, F., Allison, C., Smith, P., Baron-Cohen, S. (2016). Brief Report: The Go/No-Go Task Online: Inhibitory Control Deficits in Autism in a Large Sample. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 1-6. Verdejo-Garca, A., Lozano, ., Moya, M., Alczar, M. ., Prez-Garca, M. (2010). Psychometric properties of a spanish version of the UPPSP impulsive behavior scale: reliability, validity and association with trait and cognitive impulsivity. Journal of personality assessment, 92(1), 70-77. Vonmoos, M., Hulka, L. M., Preller, K. H., Jenni, D., Schulz, C., Baumgartner, M. R., Quednow, B. B. (2013). Differences in self-reported and behavioral measures of impulsivity in recreational and dependent cocaine users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 133(1), 61-70. Weafer, J., Baggott, M. J., de Wit, H. (2013). Testretest reliability of behavioral measures of impulsive choice, impulsive action, and inattention. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 21(6), 475.

Designed And Description Design Evaluated â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Designed And Description Design Evaluated? Answer: Introducation The Scope of this project is to create the secure network design for B2B solutions. The B2B solutions expanding their operations. So, organization team decided to creating the network design. The B2B solutions has the six building and various departments. It Each building the has the separate work stations. The Six buildings are finance office, sales office, research office, transport office, Information technology office and head office. the finance office contains the 100 work stations, sales office contains the 25 workstations, research office contains the 25 work stations, transport office contains the 50 work stations, head office contains the 50 work stations and information technology office contains the 250 work stations. Each building has the single subnet. These are connected with each other by using the routers. The Proposed network design provides the security and productivity of the network infrastructure for B2B solutions. The Network security threats are will be identi fied. The proposed network infrastructure hardware and software components are will be addressed and discussed in detail. The justification of proposed network design will be justified by ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, availability and authorization model in the network. Network Security Threats The security threats are divided into two categories like active and passive threats. The passive threats are identified to as eavesdropping and it involves the attempted by hackers to obtain the information related to communication [1]. It obtained by using the release of message content and traffic analysis method. The release of message content is used to identified the transmitted the file may contain sensitive and confidential information. So, it prevents the opponent from the message or data transmissions. Another method is traffic analysis. It is a kind of attack done on encrypted messages. The Active threats is including the false stream creation and data stream modification by using the denial of service and message modification method. The denial of services is one of the attack and it take the place when the network availability to a resource is blocked by a hacker. The proposed network design is used to provides the secure network by using the cisco firewalls. The firewal ls are used to blocking the unauthorised access to prevent the sensitive informations. Software and hardware requirement The Proposed network design hardware and software requirements are listed in below [2]. Software Requirements The Software requirements for B2B network infrastructure is shown in below. Operating System - Windows 7 Memory - 2 GB RAM Hard Drive - 2.2 GB Hardware Requirements The Hardware requirements for B2B network infrastructure is shown in below. Cisco Routers - Cisco 1900 series Routers Cisco Switches - Cisco Catalyst 4948 Switch Cisco Firewall - Cisco ASA 5540 Adaptive Security Appliance Cisco Server - Cisco UCS C3260 Rack Server Cisco Core Switches - Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Switches Cisco Access point - Cisco Aironet 700 Series Access point Personal Computers - Dell Computers Printers - Canon Printers Specification and Features of Network devices Cisco 1900 series Routers The Cisco 1900 series routers are used to provide the secure connectivity. Cloud manged security and machine learning [3]. It grows the resiliency and density for a scalable network edge. It provides the high performance. To enhance the network infrastructure by combining the power of software and hardware. It delivers the high network functions. It creates the deliver the new services fast. Cisco Catalyst 4948 Switch It provides the high-speed network low latency It delivers the better mobile experience It easily simplifies the operations High network connectivity and security It gives the high network performance. Power consuming It supports the multilayer switching Shared buffer It provides the end to end service for an organization [4]. Cisco ASA 5540 Adaptive Security Appliance It is an adaptive and threat focused next generation firewall. It designed for medium sized organization to provide the threat and advanced malware protection. It delivers the integrate threat defence from attackers. It provides the high performance and availability. It ensures the business continuity [5]. Cisco UCS C3260 Rack Server The UCS rack server is used to extend the cisco unified computing to reducing the organization total costs. It increasing the organization agility. It reduces the work load. It provides the record braking performance. It reliability to power the most computer and memory intensive. High storage density [6]. Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Switches It enhances the security. It improves the reliability Easily manage the wired and wireless networks. Easily simplifies the campus network. High efficiency. Cisco Aironet 700 Series Access point It providing the c regulatory domain and internal antenna. It provides the high-density experience for network [7]. It offers a greater coverage for more capacity and reliability. The proposed network infrastructure for B2B solutions is shown in below. The B2B solutions proposed network infrastructure is used to provide the security and productivity of the network [8]. It has the six building for various department. These are finance office, transport office, sales office, head office, research office and information technology offices. These are connected with each other by using the router. The router is connecting the six building by using the core switches and switches. The Each building has the single subnet. Each building is communicated with others. The Proposed network design uses the cisco network devices like cisco routers, switches, access point, core switches, server and cisco server. It provides the secure wireless network connection for each building by using the cisco access point. It cisco network devices are used to reduce the operational and maintenance costs [9]. Justification The Proposed network solutions is used to ensures the confidentiality, availability, integrity and authorization of the network [10]. The CIAA model provides the secure and effective network for B2B solutions by using the cryptographic algorithms. The Cryptography is plays a major role in network security. The CIAA models is one of the network security techniques. The proposed network solutions ensure the CIAA model by using the cryptographic algorithms. Justification of CIAA model is shown in below. Confidentiality It is used to prevent the sensitive information from unauthorized users. It only allows the authorised users to accessing the sensitive information. It provides the high data security. It encrypting the information to protect the sensitive information by using the SSL/TLS security protocol for communications over the network. It ensures the information confidentiality include enforcing the file access control and permission to restrict access to informations [11]. Integrity The integrity is used to maintains the data consistency, trustworthiness and accuracy through the network. It ensures that data cannot be modified by unauthorised users. It measures the file permissions and access control lists. It verifies the data integrity by using the checksums and cryptographic checksums. Availability The availability is used to ensure the authorised users are able to access the information when needed. It provides the sensitive information for authorised users at the right times. It denying the unauthorised users are accessing the information. It ensures the data availability by using the cryptographic algorithms [12]. Authorization The authorization is used to authenticate the users to accessing the sensitive information. It allows the authenticated users only accessing the campus information through the network. The Cryptographic algorithms provide the users authentications to accessing the information. The cryptographic mechanisms are used to provide secure network and effective network. The CIAA model is used to maintains the organization security and provide the scalable and reliable network. Conclusion The B2B solutions decided to create the secure network design because the organization expanding their operations. The B2b solutions consists of six building and various departments. These are sales office, finance office, transport office, research office, head office and information technology office. These are connected with each other by using the cisco routers. Each building has the single subnet. These are communicated with each other. The proposed network design provides the security and efficiency of the network. It gives the security by using the cisco firewalls. The firewall is used to provide the productivity and security for an organization. It uses the cisco network devices to reduce the maintenance and operational costs. The Network security are identified. The proposed network design hardware and software requirement are identified and discussed in detail. The Detailed proposed design is designed and description of design is evaluated. The Justification of CIAA model i s justified. References [1]J. Kurose and K. Ross, Computer networking. . [2]NETworking. [Hong Kong]: Regional NET Coordinating Team, NET Section, CDI, EDB, 2013. [3]J. Wang, Broadband wireless communications. [Place of publication not identified]: Springer-Verlag New York, 2013. [4]W. Osterhage, Wireless security. Enfield, N.H.: Science Publishers, 2012. [5]D. Forsberg, W. Moeller, V. Niemi and G. Horn, Lte security. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, 2014. [6]"Disadvantages of Wireless Networks | Techwalla.com", Techwalla, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.techwalla.com/articles/disadvantages-of-wireless-networks. [Accessed: 27- Sep- 2017]. [7]T. Alpcan and T. Bas?ar, Network security. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. [8]T. Chia, "Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability: The three components of the CIA Triad Stack Exchange Security Blog", Security.blogoverflow.com, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://security.blogoverflow.com/2012/08/confidentiality-integrity-availability-the-three-components-of-the-cia-triad/. [Accessed: 28- Sep- 2017]. [9]"What is confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA triad)? - Definition from WhatIs.com", WhatIs.com, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Confidentiality-integrity-and-availability-CIA. [Accessed: 28- Sep- 2017]. [10]"Wireless Networking Security", Cs.bham.ac.uk, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~mdr/teaching/modules03/security/students/SS7/Wireless%20Networking%20Security.htm. [Accessed: 28- Sep- 2017]. [11]"What is Network Security? - Palo Alto Networks", Paloaltonetworks.com, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-network-security. [Accessed: 28- Sep- 2017]. [12]J. Rak, J. Bay, I. Kotenko, L. Popyack, V. Skormin and K. Szczypiorski, Computer network security. .