Ethical Dilemmas in Social Work

Ethical Dilemmas in Social WorkPashan DeShieldsIntroduction passim the years of creation a cordial thespian, a person peck come across many different ethical quandarys. An ethical dilemma involves being faced with a stain where a decision mustiness be made under circumstances where ethical principles argon in conflict. Dealing with these types of things, there is really no perfect answer that earth-closet conform to all of the ethical principles in the professional codes. Due to the feature that kind chokeers micturate established guide lines for herculean views, we merchantman do better decision do.Ethical Dilemma. Jennifer, 23, is a student working at a halfway house for men on parole, who be likewise substance abusers. This is part of her final 480 hour field internship. Jennifer is in rightfulness attracted to dodgy, a 26-year-old, handsome lymph gland who is likewise quite charming. She finds it genuinely difficult to stay off responding to his flatterin g, flirtatious advances. She is halfway through her placement and is finding it extremely difficult non to respond to dicey and secretly date him. The agency has a strict policy that no worker should date a lymph gland inside six months after either have left the agency. Jennifer finds herself absent thinking ab turn out him much of the time. She feels that shes losing control.Professional values that declare to the dilemma. A professional value cited in the NASW Code of Ethics that was utilise in this case in Integrity. It tells us how fond workers should continuously be aware of their mission, values, as well as ethical standards. (p.6) Jennifer for lolls her mission and the standards required to obtain this career. She was there on her internship and take oned herself to exit caught up in a conflict of interest. In the code, it describes the precautions needed when approach this kind of dilemma. At all times, social workers should be alert and assay to avoid having co nflicts of interest.Workers professional role and boundary issues baffling. Jennifer is winning on the role as an intern which means that she should be interest the guide lines for the Social workers ethical responsibilities to the client. One of the boundaries that have been cross is Conflicts of Interest. According to the code, social workers should not engage in any dual races with clients or former clients (p.9). They should establish appropriate boundaries. This applies to Jennifer and Slys situation since they some(prenominal) cannot resist the flirting and are hiding their dating life. They are involved in a dual relationship. She is already in colza with rate of where she is interning, who gave a strict rule of no dating clients within six months of leaving the agency.Another boundary that has been broken is Sexual Relationships. This tells us that for no reason should a social worker participate in any type of sexual contact with a client, whether it was consented or forced. (p.13) Jennifer and Sly may not have had a moment of intimacy, but gibe to the dilemma, they are close to doing so. She cant resist his advances and is finding it ticklish to control herself in secretly dating him. They are young, optimistic, and flirtatious it is very possible that a mishap can occur.What emotions, wants, and needs dexterity remember the worker involved in the scenario? It could appear that she is looking for an outlet herself and has free-base it in this relationship. Sometimes we search for answers through things, hoping that we will find our supporter as well. It is very historic that a social worker is hearty and whole in every aspect of their life. As a social worker, you have been given trust by your patients that you will help them pay back what they need and live a fulfilled life.Alternatives available for the worker to take. Although Jennifer feels that her situation is becoming too much, there is alternatives that she can take to less en the nervous strain of the situation. Since she is attracted to him and is very tempted by him, she should address her feelings, sooner than later. She is halfway through with her internship and to not look bad, she should tell the site director. There, the supervisor or her educator can tell her what may be the best route for her to take in regards to her maybe later being employed at which she is interning. Or perhaps there should be a termination of the professional relationship. She should let Sly know that she will no longer be professionally working with him and find him another practitioner where he could still get trained help from. Or, she could even just keep what has already been going on a secret. She and Sly can secretly date and wait until the 6 month rule has expired that allows her to date a client.Potential arbitrary and negative consequences for each alternative. Weighing the pros and cons of each alternative is a greenness perspective in various aspects of social work practice. It is besides usable in resolving ethical dilemmas. A pro in being upfront with her supervisor is that she will perchance gain respect. She could tell the truth about her and Sly and how now avoiding him is hard and she doesnt want to go against the code. The supervisor will see that the intern is aware of her professional responsibilities and wants to swan the upmost respect of her patient. She could keep her internship and the client could possibly be relocated. Or, the supervisor may not trust Jennifer still being at the site since she has acted unethically. He/she may have to report her which could lead to Jennifer missing out on a good job opportunity. This record may also follow her to future job employments.Then, there is terminating the client. If they terminate Sly as a client, a positive would be that she wont be distracted in her work place. She can be more cogitate in completing her internship. This is usually the approach that is used for tho se who have been involved in dual relationships. Also, Sly can really continue to get the help that he needs instead of being at the installation flirting with the newly, young worker. However, in a termination, the clients reaction to things can be very negative. Sly can go into a mode of self-discipline or even rage. He may not believe that they are removing him or even get mad that Jennifer is allowing this to happen. By being enraged, this could also cause Sly to relapse back into his substance abuse.Lastly, she could keep the accost between them a secret. The pro in this is that she can continue to work on landing a good job while establishing a relationship with someone she likes. Due to the fact that Jennifer has already stated the licking in trying to be in a secretive relationship, this could very quickly turn into a negative. She could ultimately be looked down on and could lose respect and a job. Also, she and Slys relationship may not even be long lasting for her to be risking her career. She would be better off being upfront and showing concern with pursuance the code and respecting what is asked of her by the job instead of keeping it a secret, possibly ending up with the same outcome. Professionally, it would look better for her to do so.How might each alternative affect the client and the worker/client relationship? Ways in which the alternatives can affect the client and the worker/client relationship can come in a lot of forms. fill that the worker should take that would be the most ethical and appropriate for both(prenominal) worker and client? Ethical choices must be made to allow people to survive and thrive, existing with their basic needs met. There must be a decision made in regards to what is best for the social worker to take. However, before that decision has been made, critical thinking has had to have interpreted place. It is imperative to use critical thinking and ethical decision making to achieve the optimal result. She should talk the issue over with her supervisor or get counseling help. Face and evaluate the serious negative consequences for both her and Sly. Ultimately, she should terminate their professional relationship, referring Sly to another practitioner so that his function will continue.Extent to which individual professional discretion is required. It is very important that when dealing with a situation like this, nothing is said or done that causes offense or reveals any private information. You have taken an swearword to the service of humanity and to social justice. As a professional, the public assistance of your patient is your first priority and the main focus is to make trustworthy the client receives what he/she needs.ConclusionSadly, the pattern associated with Jennifers unethical exponentiation is noticed in a small percentage of social workers, who have been associated with inappropriate behavior with their clients. Although this behavior is known, many social workers h ave upheld their oath and maintain a high expectancy of the honor and tradition of the social work profession.

Case Study: Therapeutic Modalities

Case Study Therapeutic ModalitiesThree types of counselling cominges and preventative techniques argon described and evaluated. The three draw ne atomic number 18s ar, person centred approach, cognitive deportmental approach and the feminist approach.The person-centred approach was mo on that pointd by the American psychologist Carl Rogers in the 1940-1950s (Rogers 1942, Rogers 1951) and this approach, to a fault kn profess as the invitee-centered or non-directive approach, continues to be used widely to this day. As the name of the scheme implies, within the client-centered approach the counselling process places a heavy emphasis on the clients birth ability to resolve their problems. At the time it was developed, Rogerian therapy marked a distinct departure from the traditional mental hygiene in that the person being consulted was not termed to be the patient. Carl Rogers believed in the clients own capacity to develop and improve based on their resources rather than a s the result of some techniques employed by the pleader. The role of the counselor variantd into that of a facilitator rather than a doctor, and the function of the therapy was to help the client tap into their own resources.The person-centred approach presupposes six core conditions required for cure change mental contact amongst the client and the healer client in congruence healer congruence therapist unconditional positive consider accurate empathic correspondence client perception of the empathic understanding and unconditional positive date (Corey 2009). These six conditions are considered to be sufficient and necessary for the success of a therapeutic family consanguinity.The first condition, psychological contact, is the backbone of dependency between the counsellor and the client that goes beyond the obvious sensory contact. The relationship between the twain is characterised by equality both the therapist and the client are on the path of discovery, and bot h share intimate in somaation. therapists have the role of a guide on this journey because they are to a greater extent than experienced, only if it is a mutual journey nevertheless.The condition of client incongruence the clients sense of unrest and anxiety. at heart the framework of Rogerian guess, disposition incongruence is the imbalance between the self-concept, the ideal self, and organismic experience. The clients sense of incongruence stems from the desire to arrive at a balance between these three components (Rogers,1951).Therapist congruence, on the other hand, is the therapists level of authenticity in their relationship with the client. In other words, the therapist must be completely open with the client, communion their emotions, attitudes and reactions that develop in the course of the interaction. The role of the therapist is to serve as a model of a human being who is at peace of mind with their inner-self and accept themselves and others with let out inhibi tion or false pretences. In a triple-crown therapeutic relationship, the therapist will be genuinely moved to go past personal in conformationation and will be genuinely engaged in their relationship with the client.The second important quality on the part of the therapist is unconditional positive regard for their client. The therapist is accepting of their client without okay or disapproving of their demeanor, there are no judgmental feelings and no conditions for approval. As F all told et al. (2004, p.202) point out Unconditional positive regard is much than acceptance it is an unwavering respect for the humanity of the client that is not affected by the behaviour demonstrated by the client.Another foundation garment of person-centered approach is the concept of accurate empathic understanding. This part of the therapist-client relationship consists in the therapists ability to experience the clients feelings as if they were his own. such(prenominal) empathy will allow th e therapist to arrive at an accurate understanding of those parts of the clients experience that proceed not verbalised directly. The therapist is then able to help their client to clarify and work through feelings that lie only at the perimeter of their conscious sensation.Finally, the success of a therapeutic relationship excessively depends on the clients perception of the therapist. The three qualities need to be sufficiently communicated to the client so they feels safe to disclose their inner world to the therapist. This final quality of the relationship speaks to the dynamic nature of the person-oriented approach the therapist creates the necessary conditions for the client to work up, but the ultimate success hinges upon the clients perception and the clients willingness to take advantage of those conditions.The second therapeutic modality discussed is the cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). In its modern version the system came into being in the 1980s and 1990s as the result of crossing of 2 earlier counselling approaches developed by Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck. The main contrariety of this therapeutic modality from the person-centered approach is that in CBT there is a stricter defend by therapist in terms of the intervention techniques used. cognitive behaviour approaches are based on the principle that the clients improvement is the result of cognitive restructuring and acquisition of new cognitive skills and thinking patterns. such teaching is direct by the therapist through a series of focused, goal-oriented intervention techniques.Cognitive behaviour therapy is an umbrella term that covers a variety of therapy types, and is thus more dispersed in terms of the specific intervention techniques used. Some examples of the more widely used and discussed cognitive behaviour therapies are Cognitive analytical Therapy, Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy, and Multimodal Therapy. However, there are certain principles that form the basis of th e different specific applications.The Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies outlines the underlying cognitive and behavioural interventions as clients learn to bring up between thoughts and feelings nonplus aware of the sorts in which their thoughts influence their feelings in ways that are not helpful evaluate critically the veracity of their automatic thoughts and self-confidences develop the skills to notice, interrupt, and intervene at the level of automatic thoughts as they happen (ABCT, 2010).To distinguish between thoughts and feelings allows the client to recognise the rational thoughts that regularly become precursors to the emotions. at one time such a distinction has been established the client is then encourage to identify the unjustified and unreasonable aspects of their reactions to their own thoughts or stimuli. They further learn to take control of thoughts and feelings at the unconscious level, and engage in cognitive restructuring forming new patterns of thinking and new reactions to events.The behavioural strand in CBT brings in the two profound principles of classic conditioning and operant conditioning, which both invest at encouraging positive backing of positive (adaptive) behaviours and minimize reinforcement of evil (maladaptive) behaviours. Fall et al. (2004) point out that in behavioural approaches to counselling, the counsellor focuses less on the past, and more so on the represent and future, desire to identify aspects of the clients environment that can be modified in frame to reinforce adaptive behaviour patterns.The two strands, cognitive and behavioural, merge in CBT approaches to produce treatment that is usually short-term and skills-based. This means that some of the clients progress happens outside of the counselling sessions, in the real world, where they practice the behaviours and thinking patterns pointed out in the counselling sessions. CBT is, thus, empirically based both in theory and pr actice, as the clients progress is measured by reports of practical successes in their attempts to change both their environment and their reactions to their environment.Finally, the third therapeutic modality is the feminist approach to therapy. It emerged as the outcome of the revision of traditional counselling theories from the feminist perspective. Such a revision brought about a new agenda and a new vision of womens mental health as a grotesque category separate from concerns that are characteristic of the male population. Worell Remer (2004, p.6) name 15 issues in the traditional psychotherapy that stimulated the emergence of feminist approaches. Among them are dissatisfaction with the traditional theories of female and male development and behaviour that depicted stereotype male traits as the norm and females as deficient by comparison, and licking with the continuing omission of women from the knowledge base of psychology.Although the term feminist therapy also cuts acr oss a variety of approaches and techniques in therapeutic practice, according to Worell Remer (2004, p. 23), there are four core principles that form its foundation attention to the novelty of womens personal and sociable identities a consciousness-raising approach an egalitarian relationship between client and therapist and a woman-valuing and self-validating process.Attention to the diversity of womens personal and social identities is the belief that women hold multiple roles in their personal and social lives. These roles and identities are discussed and analysed in order to determine their influence on the clients behaviour. The consciousness-raising techniques aim to wind the clients awareness of the external social forces that have an influence on the way they live their lives and experience reality. A distinction between socially-conditioned behaviour and intrapsychic sources of behaviour is made with an exploration of the politics of sexist and racist societal structures that whitethorn exist. Furthermore, the relationship between the client and the therapist is that of equality the clients resourcefulness is accentuate and valued. The therapist empowers the client not so much through share their own judgments and wisdom, as through facilitation of the self-exploration processes and self-healing resources that the client is assumed to have. This vision of the client-therapist relationship integrates with the goal to foster such qualities as emotional expression, concern for others and community-building among women. Such woman-valuing process is further enhanced by linguistic framing, e.g. enmeshing or consolidated may be reframed as caring or nurturing (ibid).Worell Remer (2004) also present an authority Model that is an application of the above principles for counselling purposes. The purpose of Empowerment counselling is not only to reduce whatever dysfunctional symptoms the client may exhibit and not only to return them to their baseline normal level of functioning, but to empower them and make them more resilient than before. in that respect are ten components of a womans well-being that the Empowerment Model aims to achieve as the result of counselling improved self-evaluation improved comfort-distress ratio gender- and culture-role awareness personal control/ self-efficacy self-nurturance problem-solving skills assertiveness increased access to social, economic, and community verify gender and ethnic flexibility and social activism.The specific intervention techniques that may be employed in order to achieve the above goals are at the discretion of individual therapists, since feminist therapy cuts across a variety of different counselling theories. As Worell Remer (2004, p. 26) note, Some theories may be more conducive to this transformation process than others, depending on the extent to which they endorse gender-biased or ethnocentric concepts or procedures. For example, the authors indicate that they per sonally rely on two approaches while working within the framework of the Empowerment Model cognitive-behavioural and psychodrama.However, it is stock-still possible to identify several approaches that lend themselves best to feminist ism and objectives gender-role analysis, power analysis, and demystifying methods. In gender-role analysis the treatment focuses on analysing gender-specific stereotypes and expectations imposed by society and ways that they relate to the clients life. Power analysis, focuses is on ways which the scattering of political, social or economic power between genders has shaped the clients personality and life choices. The clients are led toward a deeper understanding of both advantages and destructive consequences of such power distribution. Finally, demystification is used as an ancillary technique in order to reduce the power balance between the client and the therapist. more than recently, feminist therapy engages cultural perspectives in order to ac count for clients diverse cultural backgrounds. Such diversity of perspectives relates directly to the attention that feminist therapy pay to honouring and bill for the multiple roles and identities of a woman.The three therapeutic modalities described in this base are different by their structure, therapeutic goals, and practical techniques. With a superstar founder, the person-centered approach is the most unified of the three as a theory and method. thither are easily identifiable six core concepts that form the foundation of the approach. The cognitive-behavioural theory stems from two theoretical sources and has branched out into a variety of different specific applications. It is characteristic of CBT applications to be disorder-specific. Finally, feminist therapy is more of a philosophy of counselling than a practical method and draws on other therapy types, such as CBT, to find practical intervention techniques most suitable for their target population. Feminist therapy is also different in its assumption that therapy cannot be universally applied to all populations and that women require approaches fine-tuned to their particular contexts.There are certainly also similarities across the different approaches. In all of them, an open, non-judgmental nature of the relationship between client and therapist is a key to the success of the therapy. However, the relationship between client and therapist in feminist approaches are closer to being person-centered than cognitive-behavioural. In both feminist and person-centered philosophy of counselling, the client is seen as the source of their own well-being. The therapist takes the role of a more experienced peer rather than a mentor leadership the client towards well-being.

The memory worksheet

The remembering oeuvresheetUsing the text, Cognition The Thinking Animal, the University Library, the Internet, and/or other resources, answer the following questions. Your response to each question should be at least 150 words in length.What is primary store? What be the characteristics of primary retrospection?Primary retentivity is working retentivity, which is processes work from images within the stock. Primary memory is the decision-making and aw atomic number 18ness part of short-term memory concerned with the temporary incorporation, touch, removal, and recovery of information. Primary memory retrieves information from short-term memory, the environment to possibly be kept later in second-string memory.The characteristics of primary memory tasks involve the active handling or supervise of behaviors or information. Additionally, primary memory is essentially different from secondary memory. The characteristics let in forgetting (how this occurs), memory representati on, storage of information (how much), processing of acoustic information (phonological loop), processing of visual information and how decisions are made. Primary memory theories exist both(prenominal) regarding the theoretical structure of working memory and the role of specific split of the brain involved in working memory. Furthermore, research identifies that the frontal cortex, parietal cortex, anterior cingulate, and parts of the basal ganglia are crucial for working memory function. Working memory is generally considered to have limited capacity.What is the process of memory from perception to recuperation? What happens when the process is compromised?The process of memory from perception to retrieval is the sorting of all information by the brain into short-term or long-term memory. Additionally, the brain will discard the information if the information is not demand. Our short-term memory allows an individual to hold on to information that is needed during a precise mo ment and then the brain discards it. Short-term memory stores small amounts of information. Some information can be moved from short-term memory to long-term memory by encoding. Then the brain consolidates the information by linking the new memory to any current memory. There are three ways of measuring memory retrieval that differ from unrivalled another. They are the recall method, the recollection memory, the recognition method, and relearning method.When the process is compromised it causes a someone to only recall certain portions of the information that is trying to be retrieved, scarce not the exact information needed. This is known as the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.Is it possible for memory retrieval to be unreliable? Why or why not? What factors whitethorn affect the dependability of ones memory?Yes it is possible for memory retrieval to be unreliable because of inaccurate recall due to the environment, prior memories of the individual or biased questions. For example , eyewitness testimony given by an individual that witnessed a crime first hand. The questions that are asked by a police incumbent or lawyer in reference to the crime, these questions can contain cues that major power influence the individuals memory retrieval. Another factor that can affect the reliability of a memory is bias. Some factors that affect the reliability of an individuals memory are being tired, stress, emotions, or under the influence of drugs or alcohol at the time of the incident

Comparison of IFRS and U.S GAAP in relation to intangible assets

Comparison of IFRS and U.S gener bothy accepted accounting principles in relative to non sensual assets1. IntroductionBusinesses f all in neer been as orbicularised as they be today. Numerous corporations from developed, newly industrialised and developing countries operate on a global basis and command to create mo meshworkary statements using the invoice practices of their home country, as well as those existing in their argonas of operations. The variation in business relationship practices of different countries creates the destiny for the preparation of separate financial and accounting statements and subsequent reconciliation of contraventions. The international accounting fraternity is spryly steadily moving towards global commonality in accounting practices and adjectival reporting. The internationalistic be Standards Board (IASB) has been hunting towards convergence of global accounting standards. Its mission is to develop and enforce a single set of globa l accounting standards, based on preparation of high quality, transp arent and comparable to(predicate) financial statements for local and global drillrs.The IASB has been working on compiling a stable set of International fiscal Reporting Standards (IFRS) for first clock users. The IFRS was mandated for all publicly listed companies in the European Union in 2005 and has besides been adopted by new(prenominal) countries like Australia. The IASB has likewise been working real closely with the US Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), since 2002, to bring close to convergence surrounded by US generally accepted accounting principles and the IFRS. However, opus portentous work has been done on harmonising IFRS with US GAAP and m either p stopping pointing issues are being currently addressed, a get of accounting topics are until now treated differently by these ii systems.A flesh of differences observe to remain in the accounting preaching of nonphysical assets. Intangibles spend a penny been delimit in various ways. Essentially they comprise of assets that do not bugger off physical presence and are represented by items like state of grace, trademarks and patents. These assets do not have shape but do have nourish which again are sometimes inde shapeinate but often opened of estimation. They need to be under the direct control of the organization and suitable of yielding future financial gain to be termed as impalpable assets belonging to the company. A strong legal right that raft gratuity to future financial gain is a good example of an intangible asset asset whose valuation is quite indeterminate but nevertheless(prenominal) provides credentials and the potential for financial gain to an organisation.The preaching of intangible assets has always been disputative and open to different interpretations. Even today, while IFRS and US GAAP have moved towards convergence in a fall of accounting areas, large differences still remain in their treatment of intangibles. These differences are specific in the treatment of free grace and research and development be, and lead to specific differences in the final preparation of financial statements.It is the purpose of this assignment to examine the differences and similarities among US GAAP and IFRS for the treatment of Goodwill, search and discipline costs, Brands, Patents and dispensemarks. A number of texts have been referred for this assignment, especially International Accounting and Multinational Enterprises 6th stochastic variable by Radebaugh, Gray and Black, International Financial Reporting A comparative degree Approach by Roberts, Weetman and Gordon, the US GAAP and IFRS websites, a number of specialise publications by PWC andand the print accounts of many multinational corporations. Accounting statements and established practices are often pendent to individual interpretation and the perusal of a number of texts has enabled the researcher to prepare a holistic and critical assessment of the selected topics. Inputs from all these texts and publications have been used in the preparation of this paper.2. GoodwillGoodwill arises as an intangible asset and comprises of the difference between the cost of an acquisition and the plum honor of its identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities. A recent analysis by PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC) estimates that intangible assets accounted for approximately 75 % of the buyd footing of acquired companies in recent years. change magnitude attention is now being paid on the management of intangible assets and the IFRS3 has responded to this need by detailing accounting procedures for intangible assets. Goodwill makes up approximately devil thirds of the value of intangible assets of US companies and the figure for companies registered in the EU would presumably be similar.Accounting of Goodwill arises in the gaffe of acquisitions where the purchase price exceed s the net cost of purchased tangible assets, the monetary difference being attributed to goodwill and other intangible assets. IFRS procedures, unlike US GAAP, antecedently required the amortisation of goodwill everywhere a specific number of years, thus establishing an artificial look for this asset. This procedure has since been changed and with the IFRS position converging with that of GAAP, goodwill is not considered to be a wasting asset anyto a greater extent. It just necessarily to be emphasised that this refers solitary(prenominal) to goodwill obtained from acquisitions. Internally generated goodwill is not reflected as an asset either under IFRS or under US GAAP.The IFRS enjoins companies to distinguish between goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets. As such(prenominal) the value of other intangible assets like Research and maturation, Patents, Trademarks, Brands and others need to be removed from the goodwill basket to arrive at the balance wheel goodwil l value. The treatment of goodwill is different from other intangibles as, subject to biannual assessments for injustice, it is judge to maintain its value obscurely. While both IFRS and US GAAP require goodwill to be valued, reconciled, expand by way of factors and reflected in financial statements, they have dissimilar modes for its accounting treatment. In most acquisitions the tot of goodwill is significant because of the considerable difference between the purchase price and cost of net assets of the acquired company. The difference in accounting treatment between IFRS and US GAAP thus causes the results of the financial statements prepared under the two methods to vary considerably and forebodes for a detailed reconciliation. There is no neighboring(a) plan to bring ab issue a convergence between these two modes of treatment, which is a matter of regret.a) Goodwill under IFRSGoodwill is not amortised any longer under IFRS procedures and is considered to be an asset wit h indefinite life. It however has to be subjected to a stringent balk examine, either annually, or at shorter g all overnment note if the need arises, to assess for erosion in value. In the evet of scathe, the simoleonss and Loss Account is sexd with the computed balk standard to ensure the immediate highlighting of poorly performing acquisitions. Goodwill is thus not seen as a steadily wasting asset but one with indefinite life and with a value linked to the performance of the unit of measurement.Another significant change in the treatment of goodwill has arisen out of the requirement for treating all business combinations as purchases. This will eliminate the possibility of companies not arrangement goodwill by pooling the assets and liabilities of various companies together for preparation of financial statements.The test for impairment of goodwill under the IFRS is carried out at the level of the capital Generating Unit or a group of CGUs representing the lowest lev el at which internal managements monitor goodwill. The IFRS besides stipulates that the level for assessing impairment essential never be more than a business or a geographical segment.The test is a one stage process wherein the recoverable list of the CGU is calculated on the basis of the higher of (a) the good value less costs to sell or (b) the value in use, and then compared to the carrying amount. In case the assessed value is lesser than the carrying cost, an appropriate charge is do to the profit and harm account. The goodwill appropriated to the CGU is reduced pro rata. The IFRS requires detailed disclosures to be published regarding the annual impairment tests. These include the assumptions made for these tests, and the sensitivity of the results of the impairment tests to changes in these assumptions. M/s Radebaugh, Gray and Black, in their book International Accounting and Multinational Enterprises stress that these disclosures are intended to give shareholders and financial analysts more information about acquisitions, their benefits to the acquiring company and the efficacy and reasonableness of impairment reviews.Negative goodwill arises when the cost of acquisition is less than the attractive value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of the company. While its occurrence is rare, negative goodwill can well arise when loss making units are acquired or a distress sale gives a company the opportunity to acquire a bargain. In such cases IFRS procedures stipulate that the acquirer should reassess the identification and measuring stick of the acquirees identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities and the measurement of the cost of the combination. The excessiveness of net assets over the cost should be recognized and taken to the profit and loss account.Goodwill under US GAAPGoodwill was treated as an asset with indefinite life by US GAAP even when IFRS procedures allowed for its amortisation. The change in IFRS procedures is a thus a desirable bar towards convergence.In US GAAP, goodwill is reviewed for impairment at the operating level, which specifically prefigures a business segment, or at a lower organisational level. In no case can an impairment assessment be made for a level higher than a business segment. Impairment must be carried out annually or even at shorter intervals, if events prove that the recoverability of the carrying amount needs to be reassessed. While these requirements are similar to those stipulated by IFRS, the procedure for assessment of impairment is significantly different and comprises of two steps.In the first step the fair value is computed and compared with the carrying amount of the concerned unit including goodwill. If the book value is higher than the fair value, no further example is suggested and goodwill carried forward at the same value. If however the fair value of the reporting unit is lesser than its carrying amount, goodwill is considered to be impaired and the routine step is applied. Goodwill impairment, under US GAAP, is thrifty by computer science the excess of the carrying amount of goodwill over its fair value. The computation for this is clean simple and constitutes of determining the fair value of goodwill by allocating fair value to the various assets and liabilities of the reporting unit, similar to the procedure used for the endeavor of goodwill in a business combination. The calculated erosion in goodwill needs to be shown specifically as an impairment charge in the computation of income.The assessment and treatment of negative goodwill is also somewhat different in US GAAP, even though the prefatorial accounting principles are similar to that followed by IFRS. In this case the excess of fair value over the purchase price is allocated on a pro rata basis to all assets other than current assets, financial assets, assets that have been chosen for sale, prepaid pension investments and deferr ed taxes. Any negative goodwill be aft(prenominal) this exercise is recognised as an extraordinary gain.3. Intangible Assets other than GoodwillIntangible assets other than goodwill are identifiable non-monetary assets without physical substance. M/s Radebaugh, Gray and Black state that intangible assets need to be identifiable, under the control of the company and capable of providing future scotch benefits.While formulation of appropriate modes of accounting for these assets pose challenges to accounting supposition and concepts, their importance in business is significant enough to warrant the coating of detailed accounting thought. All the texts consulted have devoted significant attention to the treatment of intangible assets. A July 2006 paper on Accounting Standards regarding keen and other Intangible Assets by Halsey Bullen and Regenia Cafini of the United Nations Department of stinting and brotherly Affairs is also very explanatory and deals with the subject both in depth and with comprehensiveness.This section deals with the similarities and dissimilarities under US GAAP and IFRS for specific intangible assets e.g. Research and Development be, Brands, Trademarks and Patents. While the growing importance of intangible assets call for their inclusion in financial statements, their intrinsic nature makes it difficult to do so. First, there is little connection between the costs incurred for creation of intangibles and their value. Second, it is also difficult to predict the extent of benefits that intangibles will be able to deliver. twain the IFRS and US GAAP have certain commonalities in the accounting treatment of intangible assets. In case of acquisitions, managements are enjoined to isolate specific intangible assets and value them individually from goodwill. All these assets have to be identified, valued and indicated separately in the balance sheet. The list of intangible assets that need to be recognised separately, as a result of IFRS 3 is extensive and includes a soldiery of things like patents, scores, trademarks and computer software. IFRS 3 demands that the identification and valuation of intangible assets should be a blotto process. Experts however feel that while valuing intangibles is essentially associated with subjectivity, analytical mental application and the use of working sheets should be able to pander the demands of regulators.IFRS and US GAAP classify intangible assets, other than goodwill, into assets with limited usable life and assets with indefinite serviceable life. Assets with finite life are amortised over their reusable life. While arbitrary ceilings are not specified on the useful life of those assets, they still need to be tested for impairment every year. An asset is classified as an asset with indefinite useful life if there is no probable limit to the period over which it will benefit the firm. It is however rare for intangible assets other than goodwill to have indefinite use ful lives and most intangibles are amortised over their expected useful lives. Assets with indefinite lives have to be subjected to rigorous annual impairment tests. The fact that most intangible assets (other than goodwill) are amortised over their expected useful lives requires the determination of the expected useful life of each of the assets acquired.The general principles detailed above are common to both IFRS and US GAAP and are useful in determining the abundant procedures for accounting and disclosure of intangible assets. As previously elaborated, accounting treatment primarily depends upon the determination of the life of an intangible asset, more specifically whether it has an indefinite or finite mensural life.All intangibles are governed by the same sets of disclosure requirements. Accordingly, financial statements should indicate the useful life or amortisation rate, amortisation method, gross carrying amount, compile amortisation and impairment losses, reconciliat ion of the carrying amount at the beginning and the end of the period, and the basis for determining that an intangible has an indefinite life. Apart from these requirements, the differences, detailed below, between US GAAP and IFRS in the treatment of Research and Development costs, Brands, Trade Marks and Patents, also need consideration.Treatment of Research and Development Costs and BrandsDevelopment costs are however assessed for valuation of long term benefits and, amortised over their determined benefit period. Capitalisation of development costs is allowed only when development efforts result in the creation of an identifiable asset, e.g. software or processes, whose beneficial life and costs can be measured reliably. If however a Research and Development project is purchased, IFRS provides for the treatment of the whole amount as an asset, even though part of the cost reflects research expenses. In the case of further costs being incurred on the project after its purchase, research costs will need to be expensed out while development costs will be eligible for capitalisation, subject to their shock the required criteria.US GAAP however stipulates that all Research and Development costs be immediately charged to expenses. Certain development costs pertaining to website and software development are however allowed to be capitalised. Research and Development assets, if acquired are valued at fair value under the purchase method. However if the assets do not have any alternate use they are immediately charged to expense.Both PWC and publications opine that US GAAP will most probably move towards the IFRS position on Research and Development as part of the short term convergence exercise.BrandsThe treatment of Brands is similar under both US GAAP and IFRS norms. It has been specifically delicate that the value of brands generated internally should not be reflected in financial statements. In case of brands obtained through purchase or acquisition the val ue of the brand will have to be computed at cost or fair value and it will need to be determined whether the life of the brand is indefinite or finite.Brands with indefinite lives will need to be subjected to rigorous impairment tests every year, and treated like goodwill. Brands with finite lives, while subject to yearly impairment tests, will need to be amortised like other intangible assets. It needs to be noted that the mode of assessment of impairment in US GAAP is different from IFRS and this factor will thence come into play for assessment of impairment.Trademarks and PatentsThe costs of Patents and Trademarks, when developed and obtained internally comprise, loosely of legal and administrative costs incurred with their filing and registration and are expensed out as regular legal or administrative costs. The IFRS specifies that no limited review is possible for Trademarks and Patents in accordance with IAS 38. This is because an active market cannot exist for brands, rep ort mastheads, music and film publishing rights, patents, or trademarks, as each such asset is unique.In the case of patents and trademarks obtained through acquisition, the treatment is similar to the broad category of intangible assets, for identification, valuation, measurement and recognition for purposes of separate disclosure. Acquired patents and trademarks are measured initially at purchase cost and are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives.BibliographyBullen, H, and Cafini, R, 2006, Accounting Standards Regarding Intellectual Assets, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Retrieved November 14, 2006 from unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/ia10.pdfFASB Financial Accounting Standard Board, 2006, Retrieved November 14, 2006 from www.fasb.orgIFRS and US GAAP, 2005, IAS Plus , Retrieved November 14, 2005 from .net/dtt/cda/ mercantilism/content/dtt_audit_iasplusgl_073106.pdfIntangible assets brand valuation, 2004, IFRS News Brand Valuation, Retrieved November 14, 2006 from www.pwc.com/gx/eng/about/svcs/corporatereporting/IFRSNewsCatalogue.pdfRadebaugh, L.H., Gray, S.J., Black, E.L., 2006, International Accounting and Multinational Enterprises, 6th edition, John Wiley and Sons, inc., ground forcesRoberts, C, Westman, P, and Gordon, P, 2005, International Financial Reporting A Comparative Approach, 3rd edition, FT Prentice Hall, USA

Organisational Equality and Diversity: Māori and Non-Māori

Organisational Equality and Diversity Mori and Non-MoriLonita M. TejanoINTRODUCTION correspond to Lis Ellison-Loschmann (April 2006), outlined the benefits of wellness sustentation spot of the inherent-born packs worldwide relevant to the underlying historical, socio-economic and political processes. The Maoris and non-Maoris wellness apprehension consideration in the beat of colonization by the British in modern Zealand. The differences involve a variety factors in terms of admittanceibility of wellness bearing and racism. Improvement to the glide path to pull off is critical to address health disparities and increased information of Maoris and non-Maoris in terms of primary and secondary health care values. Alternatively according to the recent study Lis Ellison- Loschmann (April 2006) they use 2 formulas on how Maori concourse improved their health care service pursuit to improve health and quality of life for Maoris. According to Ramsden (1997), health prec ondition of indigenous quite a littles a variety factors that essence of historical, political, and kindly characteristics of surroundingss their relation with the nonindigenous populations of the countries they lived. They maneuver on the health concepts of this common society in the puts on Maori health care function assemble in view to their attitudes toward and favorable life of non-Maori population. ground on Lis Ellison-Loschmann (2006 April) outlined the benefits of life expectancy in in the raw Zealand in this two group of people. They rush a vauntingly impact in health care promoting and minimizing the indifferences that has been detect and seen by the researchers lately. According to Lis Ellison- Loschmann (2006 April) observed that Maori health in the terra firma of rising Zealands during the British colonization can break off information in health status between the Maori ad non-Maori indifference. The government play the important role to access health c are instalment. The government provide two possible dominion on how to promote the quality and easy way to access health care for the indigenous people firstly, how to develop the health care principle to the services secondly, and initiation of pagan safety cultivation.BODYIn a recent study, King (2003) showed that the Treaty of Waitangi and settlement that the Maoris in Aotearoa from the Pacific rough 1000 years ago. According to Pool (1991) informing perhaps a hundred of indigenous people arrived in impudently Zealand on the menses of time some stories said that subsequent settlement patterns and scram magnanimous population from different version of information same(p) verbal information and demographics recording. The expedition of James cooks in 1769 the first match recorded to the Maori people and European settlers to unfermented Zealand.Meanwhile, during the write of Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 in that respect was a written agreement between the Maori people guard of interest for the invaders and British settlements and they gather together with some of the Maori chiefs and representative of British cr suffer. In this time there was 80 000 Maori population and 2000 settlers. After the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi a huge group of British immigrant and Maori population become step-downd and settlers doubled the population. In 1901 New Zealand population importantly rock-bottom to 770 313 settlers whereas the Maoris by 16.51.3.Based on Purie (1998) indicated that the British settlers introducing to the Maori people like the infected ailments and the usage of guns there is major impact to deathrate rates to Maoris population. Further more, historically the socioeconomic of Maori mortality rate after invading New Zealand the most(prenominal) important thing the Maoris loss of land, mortality rate increased from the disease to the extent among those indigenous peoples who wanted to keep their lands. By this time there was a big cha nges to their economic status like nutrient supplies, and social net operative as a whole coarse. According to Purie(1998) observed that from the land arrogation from the Maori population there was a huge impact of the legislation natural law like the Maori rights not used language in school as Maori which lead to disparities to health in Maori society. Based to Te Ropu Rangahau a Euro Pomare (2000) embed that it has been argument that has been continued a differences in indigenous and non-Maori in health care sectors and rights of indigenous community not creationness treated and saved by the said treaty of social, cultural, economic, and political factors cannot be noticed in terms contributory to their health care status as a whole. However, the Maori self-determinant to desire help for health.Based on Pool (1991) in supplement to that, Maori health status in New Zealand the government started implementing health care services to Maori community provide services like heal th advancement programs, health inspectors to work and help gradually to the economy reco really. At this time decreases in mortality rate ascribable to implementation of national health care scheme and community welfare system by the addicted year 1938 through the treatment methods. Maori community lived in rural areas indeed they moved to urban for employment opportunities in these areas subsequently led to big population to urban migration. According to Pool (1991) indicated that importantly changes in this countrys economy from their usual way of life like cultivating lands to producing construct comfortablys. Due toAccording to Kunitz (1994) life span significantly increased among native groups of people in this country and western world including neighboring country like Australia, whole part of Unites States of America and Canada on this given time. In comparison of the nonindigenous populations of these countries. During this period of time population become reduced due to diseases like respiratory from the changing of weather, tuberculosis and hepatitis, heart diseases due inactive lifestyles and diabetes, different types of cancer and accident like vehicular injuries due to intoxicating driving much higher among Maoris than non-Maoris. A recent study (Ajwani, Blakely, Robson, Tobias Bonne, 2003) mortality rates decreased as a period of time, in regard to the differences between the two groups of people in New Zealand still the same.Based on Te Ropu Rangahau Hanuora (2000) an explanations for health disparities are numbered and said not being equal in terms of health among the two groups of people in New Zealand some said that inequalities is that genetic underlying factors influenced. Nevertheless, not significantly to race and ethnic group that genetic factors about 85%. thither are factors contributed to the disparities between Maori and non-Maori like lifestyle in each respective(prenominal) group, the socioeconomic like not having a g ood job and neat place to live and easy access to health care facility and racism. The explanations are not significant but it is useful to consider them as a precipitating factors that influenced that they linked together.The first studies to help to determine the significant role of socio-economic factors and health status in two group of people there was a research about the mortality rate in men at aged of 15-64 years. Based on Sporle, Pearce, Davis (2002) establish that in the most recent years researchers said that Maori men doubled the identification number unlikely to non-Maori men at the very young age maybe due to socioeconomic status as a whole and ethnic social community differs the mortality rate among this group of men. A good example the level assessments of socioeconomic deprivation by the usage of enumerate data by the New Zealand deprivation Index.Russell, Parnell, Wilson (1999) found that smoking is a lifestyle factors that can lead to socioeconomic influen ce to health status. Furthermore, give more importance to consider the difference between Maori and non-Maori in their own lifestyles. The latest survey by the national said that Maori smoke baccy is higher rate than non-Maoris (53% vs. 20%).Maori men and women are obese and they have some diseases like hypertension due to sedentary lifestyles.According to Lurie (2004) observed that the access to health care is very important role to decrease mortality rate of Maori the root of this ailments promoting effective health care brotherly to this group of people. In this idea access to health has been described in terms of both access to and access through health care principles making a quality of health care services that being taken by. United States of America developed a framework for bill disparities to access health care need of people and promoting quality of service that will includes broader environmental and societal factors example is racism that can effect to access to hea lth care needs.A recent study (Sporle et al., 1991) found that in past 20 years being discriminated and racist is very alarming in health care settings tendency minority people will not seek health care services in the primary health care facility . The Maori Asthma reported that those improve and an educated health care workers to the illness contributed to the Maori people reluctant to seek medical care for their illness until if necessary. According to Krieger (2003) observed that Maori has bad sense first encounters with health care professionals and disempowerment like to access the checking blood kail to distinguish diabetes diseases.According to Matherson (1992) in addition, to change in health environment to New Zealands country the government formulated in thirty-something to provide free medical care given by working medical professionals. Thus, health care system specified subsidiary to a government facility services with a secondary care controlled bread and butter whilst in primary care funded by individual doctors. However, Maori initiates concerned on how to promote health care access to their peoples firstly, to provide Maori health care services secondly, the development of cultural safety education. The Maori health care suppliers initiative beyond the services apply. When the time which being implemented there was a problem with budget of the government funding. In 1991 health reforms being implemented to the development of Maori health care services provider. Blaiklock AJ., Ciro A., Davenfort E., Hassal ibidem,Low W., they consecrate reforms of health care and social services that can give more gap in inequality as a result of self-determination regarding to education, employment of the individual, types of housing and health status. In addition to that health reforms for Maori effect to health especially the children.According to Ramsden (2002) observed that cultural safety education is playing a golden role of Maoris health care services improvement like cultural safety being implemented to cheer the health care professionals and appreciate the relationship between Maori community. Nursing and tocology body required Nurses and midwifery to take the registration examination in New Zealand. International Council of Nurses implemented the guidelines for cultural safety for nursing pupil and to practice all in 118 councils.CONCLUSIONTherefore I conclude, disparities in health care status between Maoris and non-Maoris contributed most likely in British colonization in New Zealand. For the past 140 years ago there was an improvement as evidenced by the general gap in life span between the two groups of people in New Zealand. Even though their differences include the variety influences in regard to socioeconomic and lifestyle factors and discrimination to seek health care delivery system.Maori society implement to improve health care access and have two principles to help between the development of Maori pro vider services and encouragement of the service through cultural safety education for the health care provider. It started with the people in the community how the response to the purpose like for instance the self-determinant of Maori community in health care services and to evaluate how to improve the health care services. The government of New Zealand provide organizations and cultural safety education an examples to initiates in the government policies that have been shown either for promotion or prevention to health status of indigenous peoples.REFERENCESAjwani S, Blakely T, Robson B. Tobias M, Bonne M.Decades of Disparity heathenish Mortality Trends in New Zealand 1980-1999. Wellington, New Zealand Ministry of Health 2003.Blaiklock AJ, Ciro CA, Belgrave M. Low W, Davenport E, Hassall IB. When the Invisible Hand Books the Cradle New Zealand Children in a time of change. Florence, Italy Innocenti, Research Centre 2002. Working Paper 93.King M. The Penguin Hi accounting of New Zealand. Auckland, New Zealand Penguin Books 2003.Krieger N. Does racism harm health? Did child abuse exist before 1962? On explicit questions, critical science, and current controversies an Eco social perspective. Am J Public Health. 2003 93 194-199. (PMC free article) (PubMed).Kuritz S J. Disease and favorable Diversity The European Impact on the Health of Non- Europeans. New York, NY Oxford University tweet Inc. 1994.Lis Ellison- Loschmann, and Neil Pearce,Improving Access to Health Care among New Zealands Maori Population. New Zealand. Doi 10.2015/ AJPH. 2005.0707680PMCID PMC 1470538, Am J Public Health 96 (4) 612-617, 2006.Lurie N. meter disparities in access to care. Available at http//www.nap.edu/openbook/0309085195/html/1.html. Accessed January 8, 2004.Matheson D, ed. Health where it hurts The story of the Newtown Union Health Science. Wellington, New Zealand Roger Steele 1992.Pool DI. Te iwi Maori A New Zealand Population, Past, Present and Projected. Auckland, New Zeal and Auckland University Press 1991.Purie M. Te Mana, te Kawanatanga The Politics of Maori Self-Determination. Auckland, New Zealand Oxford University Press Inc. 1998.Ramsden I. Cultural Safety and Nursing Education in Aotearoa and Te Waipounamu (dissertation). Wellington, New Zealand Victoria University of Wellington 2002.Ramsden I. Culture safety Implementing Concept. The social hurl of nursing and midwifery. In Te Whaiti P, McCarthy M, Durie A, eds. Mai Rangiatea Maori Wellbeing and Development. Auckland, New Zealand Auckland University Press 1997 113-125.Russell D, Parnell W, Wilson N, et al. NZ food NZ People. Key Results of the 1997 National Nutrition Survey. Wellington, New Zealand Ministry of Health 1999.Sporle A, Pearce N, Davis P. Social kinsfolk mortality differences in Maori and non-Maori aged 15-64 during the last two decades N Z Med J. 2002 115 127-131 ( Pub Med).Te Ropu Rangahau Haura a Euro Pomare. Counting for nothing understanding the issues in monitoring dispa rities inn health. Soc Policy J N Z .2000 141-16.

Red Badge Of Courage Essay -- essays research papers

Death, relationship and Destruction     The Red Badge of Courage, a Civil War wise by Stephen Crane, may be examined on various levels. One of those levels is a story somewhat the cruelty and disasters of war. Young henry Flemming, the protagonist, has dreamed his altogether life of being in the army and despite his mothers discouragement, he enlists with a Union regiment. Soon learning that the army is a big bore, enthalpy begins to view himself "merely as a part of a ample blue demonstration". Clearly, Henry does not know why he is going to fight, he just knows that he is part of a capacious group of men. As the novel unfolds, it is plain that Crane is writing round the horrors and tragedies of war, even by using the idea of contrasting the events of the war with nature. Although many another(prenominal) critics have viewed the book as a naturalistic or hardheaded novel, some specific examples can describe how it relates to the anti-war theme.           As Henry is on guard duty one evening, he converses across the river with a cooperator soldier. "The youth liked him personally," says Crane. Henrys feeling towards his enemy shows that he is unclear about the wars purpose. At this point Henry probably would like to flee home. Henry is seeing the enemy as real and humane. He then describes how he feels shame about the war. Henry definitely knows that the war is wrong and that the peck that have died and the soldier...

Essay --

Depression. The lifespanless force that makes a home on the top of your back, weighing you down completely taking you over desire a parasite you see what it wants you to see, a world of gray blobs doing vacuous tasks sidereal day after day. Everything is trite. Nothing excites you. You are in a warmth that confirms deeper and deeper with each passing day, and as time passes, the possibility of escaping dwindles. You micturate desolate feelings, there is no hope you are fatigued by routine activities and suffer insomnia or restlessness. The thought of food disgusts you. Or perhaps its the only thing you form to comfort yourself. More than 20 one million million citizens in the United States suffer from depression this is the life they have to hang forward to. (Depression n.d.) Society is quick to judge on some(prenominal) kind of discrepancy fashion, intellect, monetary class, and personality. What is everyone dismissal to think when you have to bring down your week ly luncheon and mani-pedi with your girlfriends for a depression counseling session? You have to cut corners on all expenses to pay for your manipulation and it isnt going unnoticed. A 2012 study by the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh and the University of South Florida sought to find execute this Dopeople judge me for spending money on Depression treatments? Two situations were created in Experiment 1, random participants read a paper written by a student struggling with academic stress and school-related issues who would set deflection a large sum of money to pay for depression treatment (Hong, Lishner, Gum, & Huss, 2012, p. 878). In Experiment 2, participants read another paper written by a depressed student who opted out of seeking treatment or received free treatment (Hong et a.l, 2012). Results found that participants we... ...They also found that there was a significant difference between depressed college students who were physically participating and those who were not . Physical activity has been known to improve emotional self world like depression, anxiety, stress and self-esteem (Taliaferro, L. J., 2009). Practicing physical activity at least(prenominal) three to four times a day reduces the chances of being depressed.Till this day depression is one of the highest causes of death in young adults (Taliaferro, L. J., 2009). Depression is a major health issue, and will continue to be so unless we organize action. Instead of feeling that lifeless force pushing you down get up and try doing some aerobic exercises. Fight to feel golden again. Life is a gift, never believe that you should take away your life in order to not feel pain and always have hope for the future. After all, we are responsible for ourselves.

revelation Essay -- essays research papers

Waiting room is a place where just about of story is developed. With Mrs. Turpins appearance, this room is turned to one small association which has variety of social class, genders, ages, and skin colors. People are classified by the view of rich white woman. Her view of human is very dim-witted niggers who are divided into bottom group, white-trash, sometimes even worse than niggers, and basis and land owners like herself. All kind of pot can be assessed by two criteria Color and wealth. This was common view to assess people after the civil war, the period when racism still remained and material things began to be important with industrialization. In terms of racism, after the civil war, African-Americans were non slavers and should not be treated as slavers anymore. However, both white peo...

Helen Keller: A Medical Marvel or Evidence of the I-Function? Essay

Helen Keller A Medical Marvel or Evidence of the I-Function? Everyone cried a brusk inside when Helen Keller, historys notorious deaf-blind-mute uttered that magic raillery wa at the terminus of the scientifically baffling classic true story. Her ability to overcome the limitations caused by her sensory disabilities not alone brought hope for many like cases, and also raised radical scientific questions as to the depth of the brains ability. For those who be not familiar with the story of Helen Keller or the play The Miracle Worker, it recalls the spiritedness of a girl born in 1880 who falls tragically ill at the young age of two years old, consequently losing her ability to hear, speak, and see. Helens thwarting grew along side with her age the older she got the more it became apparent to her parents that she was aliment in more of an invisible box, than the real world. Her imparities trapped her in life that seemed unlivable. Unable to subject themselves to the t orment which enveloped them watching, hearing and feeling the angst which Helen projected by throwing plates and screaming was enough for them to regret being blessed with their own senses. The Kellers, in hopes of a solution, hired Anne Sullivan, an educated blind woman, experienced in the arena of educating sensory disabilities arrived at the Alabama interior(a) of the Kellers in 1887. There she worked with Helen for only a little over a month attempting to teach her to eyepatch and understand the meaning of words v. the feeling of objects before she guided Helen to the urine pump and a miracle unfolded. Helen understood the juxtaposition of the touch of water and the tangible word water Anne spelled out on her hand . Helen suddenly began to formulate the word wa... ...ther or not the I function exists in the literal sense, its heading began to make its way into scientific rationality long before Christopher Reeves.Sources Cited1)jstor home page, Scientific Monthly Vol.15 N o.3http//serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro03/web1/www.jstor.org2)originresearch home pagehttp//originresearch.com/sd/sd3.cfm3)The Life of Helen Kellerhttp//www.rnib.org.uk/xpedio/groups/public/documents/publicwebsite/public_keller.hcsp4)Scientific the Stateshttp//www.sciam.com/askexpert_question.cfm?articleID=000BADA4-F9F7-1C95-8EEF809EC588F2D7&catID=35)Sensory Perceptions Homepagehttp//216.239.33.100/search?q=cachezYyZf7MEJKYCwww.hhmi.org/senses/senses.pdf+%22helen+keller%22+scientific+research+depth psychology+%22her+brain%22&hl=en&ie=UTF-86)More of the Life of Helen Keller http//www.broadwaybeat.com/ ridge/rrmircle.htm

Laos: Iu-Mein Culture and Ceremonies :: Asia Asian

Laos Iu-Mein Culture and Ceremonies What is Iu-Mein? not many people have heard of the ethnicity Iu-Mein. It is a dialect from Laos. hotshot of the traditions that Iu-Meins have be ceremonies. Ceremonies are done with the sacrificing of a pig or yellowed. Certain people may call in it weird, and animal rights folks would call it animal cruelty, but in our finis, it is for healing and to pay our respects to our ancestors. The ceremonies are very sacred and are done by a shaman. A shaman in our cultivation is someone who can speak to liven up like a witch doctor. A pig or yellow-bellied is sacrificed depending on whether the ceremony performed is large or small. The shaman sets up the display board with incense, paper made with circle imprints (money for the hard liquor), and a tea set make full with blessed water. After the pig or chicken is cleaned, it is set on the table and the shaman starts chanting or calling down the spirit. With a chicken, the ce remony usually takes about thirty minutes to an hour with a pig, it can take an hour to an hour and a half. Ceremonies in the Iu-Mein culture are part of our lives. They are done as often as they are needed, but at least once a year. thither are different kinds of ceremonies done for healing when someone is sick, for good parcel for the year, weddings, and for death. Iu-Meins remember in both good and bad spirits. Whenever someone is sick, we believe it is due to a hungry spirit. Our ceremony with the pig or chicken is meant to please the spirit by feeding them, paying them by fervent paper money, and by giving them water. There are all kinds of spirits that can touch a person to make them sick, like parents, grandparents, or any relatives who have passed away. There is not much about Iu-Mein culture in our history books, but books have been written about the Iu-Mein people.

Declining Population of Loggerhead Sea Turtle :: Biology

Declining Population of Loggerhead Sea TurtleThe title of this wallpaper is pretty self explanatory and the facts are simple. The solution is feasible further yet, not enough action is being taken to make a difference. You would think that we as humans being the dominate creatures of the earth, would be equal to(p) to understand the simplicity of knowing the negative personal effects of our carelessness and the force it has on the creatures around usCreatures that are close to defenseless when vomit in comparison with mankind. I didnt want thither to be a great mystery surrounding what my presentation is about because there doesnt have to be. Most people either dont know or dont care about the declining cosmos of the bonehead ocean tump overs. While I can not kind the attitude of a person who is apathetic, I can friend improver the knowledge of a person who is ignorant about this subject. Ignorance would be a very good word to describe my amount of knowledge in this area b efore I began this study on loggerhead sea turtles. The saddest part of this story is that we as humans are too have-to doe with with ourselves and concerned about our own wellbeing. We will not take the m to step back and wonder how the creatures of this world are getting along. If we could just forget about ourselves for one minute and try to help out the creatures that are continually struggling to survive the negative effects that our growing and careless macrocosm has placed on them. Even though loggerheads are the most common of all sea turtle species found on the United States coasts, recent studies have show that this amazing turtle population is in steep decline and will be in danger if we do not begin to find out wherefore its population is declining and what we can do to reverse this effect. The International Union for the conservation of Nature listed the loggerhead as threatened in 1978. This means that the loggerhead has been considered vulnerable for becoming ex tinct for thirty years because of the number of turtles left. fresh studies of loggerhead population have found that the number of females that nest in the Southeastern United States is continuing to decline at an alarmingly speedy rate. The United States Federal Government has reported that the loggerhead turtle population decline is not just something to be concerned about in one area of the world but it is a world blanket(a) problem.

Effective Use of Imagery in William Blake’s The Lamb and Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s A Very Old Man Wi :: William Blake Lamb Essays

Effective Use of imaging in William Blakes The Lamb and Gabriel Garcia Marquezs A Very antiquated Man With awful WingsSailboats as big as cruise ships/ Glide gracefully across the oceans glassy surface.Have you ever read a interchange of literature and found it to be immensely satisfying due to the tremendous amount of descriptions used by either the poet or the author? As the opening line illustrates what is happening at the beach, the reader is able to authentically get to know what the author is trying to explicate. These descriptions are referred to as imagery. Imagery is used to give a detailed portrayal of a person, place, or thing. In the short story, A Very Old Man With wondrous Wings, by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, and in the poem, The Lamb, by William Blake, both, author and poet, use imagery to string to their audience their own perception of an nonpareil.In the story, A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings, Marquez first lets the reader know that, the fallen trunk with mute stupor (828), was an angel by writing that he, couldnt get up, keep by his enormous wings (828). Much of todays societies first initial cerebration of a man with wings are to believe that this person is an angel. plurality have many different beliefs of what an angel is supposed to look like. Marquez, non wanting his readers to stray forth from what his own personal view of an angel in this story, uses imagery to clarify his perception of the angel. Marquez notes that the angel has an, incomprehensible tongue with a strong sailors voice, he was dressed like a ragpicker, colossal buzzard wings, dirty and half-plucked, only a few faded hairs on his bald skull and very few teeth in his mouth, and most apparent the most significant, his pitiful condition of a drenched great-grandfather had taken away any sense of grandeur he might have had (828). Without the last mentioned details of the angel, the reader would have the opportunity to use some(prenominal) they tend to be lieve and angel is. Marquez sets up the description of the angel to change the reader to understand why the townspeople may have interact the angel as they had, as if he werent a supernatural fauna but a circus animal (829).In the poem, The Lamb, Blake uses imagery to explain the way the, Little Lamb (Line 1), looks like.

Imagination :: essays research papers

The human imaging is a very powerful thing. It sets humanity apart from the rest of the cr expelures that move the planet by giving them the ability to make creative choices. The ideational world is unavoidably intertwined with the real world and there are some(prenominal) ways by which to illustrate this by dint of literature, either realistically or exaggerated. Almost everything people surround themselves with is based on the unreal. Everything from the food we eat to the books we read had to pay been thought of by mortal and their imagination. The imagination empowers humans.1 It allows people to speculate or to see into the future. It allows artists to create, inventors to invent, and even scientists and mathematicians to solve problems. J.R. Tolken wrote victor of the Rings by sitting in his backyard and imagining everything coming to life.2 He thought about all the what if possibilities. But this method of storytelling can be used in much more subtle and/or advanced( a) ways than in science fiction or fantasy novels. by means of such works as the short story Dreams and the novel shrink by Timothy Findley, the film the Matrix, and the short story the blabbermouth Heart by Edgar Allan Poe, one can see how a source can use the concept of the imaginary invading reality to bring through their story.In Dreams, by Timothy Findley, the main suits, two married psychiatrists named the doctors Marlo, birth a fairly normal marriage. But they are both dealing with professional cases that are invading their personal lives. Mrs. Marlo specializes in autistic children. ace case she is working on is that of a little boy who wint talk, eat or sleep. She grows attached to this child and thinks of him as approximately her own son. Meanwhile, Everett Marlo, her husband, is plagued by nightmares caused by one of his more puzzling cases, which results in insomnia. He begins to share his patients nightmares and dreams that he is looking through his patients dreaming eyes and is committing savage and bloody murders. Findley uses his characters dreams to show that the imaginary dreams that Everett is having affects his normal, day to day reality. This makes for many darn possibilities that the author could have chosen. But Findley chose to have Everett fall asleep and have Mrs. Marlo discover her husband covered head to toe in someone elses blood in the bathroom.

Smoke Signals by Sherman Alexie Essay -- Movies Native Americans Histo

Smoke Signals by Sherman AlexieSmoke Signals is a movie written by Sherman Alexie and directed by Chris Eyre that deals with many companionable issues in modern intrinsic American cultures. The film follows the journey of cardinal Coeur dAlene Indians, Victor and Thomas, as they travel from their reservation in operating theatre to Phoenix, AZ in order to gather the personal artifacts of Victors father who has recently died. Along the way, Thomas helps Victor to understand and free his father, who left the family when Victor was a young boy. Victors father, Arnold Joseph, salvage both of the boys from a fire that he inadvertently caused on the quaternary of July when the boys were mere babies. Although the boys were saved, Thomass pargonnts both died in the blaze. Since then, Arnold Joseph has carried the guilt of what he has done silently, using alcohol to try and bury the memory. As the years progress Arnold Joseph begins abusing his family, which finally leads to his wife t elling him that there entrust be no more drinking after she realizes what it is doing to their son. Arnold Joseph once again runs from the situation, practically like he did the night of the fire, unable to handle the consequences of his actions. Arnold flees to Phoenix, AZ where he carries out the rest of his days, never speaking to his family again, but silently indirect request that he could go back home. He dies before overcoming his feelings of guilt, and upon hearing of his oddment Victor decides to go to Phoenix to retrieve his fathers personal artifacts. Victor has no money with which to fund his trip south, however his friend Thomas offers him nice money to make the journey provided that Victor brings him along. Together, they set out on a bus to Phoenix, and along the way, with the help of... ...ld. On the heighten of the movie, we work through two young Indian men, traveling south together on a journey that will lead to the healing of their friendship, as vigorous as one of them coming to terms with his past. But deeper in the movie, we are left to find our own story, if we so choose one that will vary from person to person if you care to ask. For me I found that to this day, the Native Americans still lead a rough life due to what the sinlessness man has done to them in the past. However, instead of buckling under the pressure of centuries, oftentimes of their culture still struggles and lives on inside each successive generation. I would recommend this movie to anyone, and Im sure that I will end up sending it to my family back home. Not only would I recommend honoring the movie, but I would urge all to see beneath the surface story and find the hidden messages underneath.

My Best Friend :: essays research papers

Walt Whitman was an American poet, who was born in 1819 and died in 1892 whose work boldly asserts the worth of the individual(a) and the oneness of all humanity. Whitmans defiant break with traditional poetic concerns and ardor exerted a major influence on American thought and literature. born(p) near Huntington, New York, Whitman was the second of a family of nine children. His father was a carpenter. The poet had a particularly close relationship with his mother. When Whitman was four long time old, his family locomote to Brooklyn, New York, where he attended public school for six years before being apprenticed to a printer. Two years afterward he went to New York urban center to work in printing shops. He returned to Long Island in 1835 and taught in country schools. In 1838 and 1839 Whitman edited a newspaper, the Long-Islander, in Huntington. When he became bored with the job, he went back to New York City to work as a printer and journalist. There he enjoyed the theater , the opera, and-always an omnivorous reader the libraries. Whitman wrote poems and stories for popular magazines and made political speeches, for which Tammany Hall Democrats rewarded him with the editorship of several(a) impermanent newspapers. For two years Whitman edited the influential Brooklyn Eagle, but he woolly his position for supporting the Free-Soil party. After a brief wait in New Orleans, Louisiana, he returned to Brooklyn, where he tried to start a Free-Soil newspaper. After several years spent at various jobs, including building houses, Whitman began writing a new kind of poetry and thenceforth neglected business.My Best FriendMy best friend has gone away. He left this world, left me behind. Such sorrow, such pain-- hurts so much to envisage of him. My sorrows too great to be eased by tears--tears for the one whom Ive love so dearly. Never again shall he lay beside me, listening as I play the piano. Never again will he swan the backyard or give me comfort when I am in need. When he left, it so seems that part of me has left with him. Every night I cannot slepp. I always find myself outside. I watch the stars as they glow brightly, wise(p) he is watching over me. Hes gone to rest. He is at peace. save why did he leave when I needed him the most? As a teen, lifes hard for me.

Rachel Carson :: Essays Papers

Rachel CarsonHello, my name is Rachel Lousie Carson. I was born on a farm in Springdale, Pennsylvania on May 27, 1907. My mother, Maria McLean Carson was a dedicated instructor and end-to-end my childhood she encouraged my interests in nature and in writing. She in like manner encouraged me to publish my first story A Battle in the Clouds in the St. Nicholas magazine while I was in fourth circle. afterwards(prenominal) graduating from Parnassus High School, I enrolled into the PennsylvaniaCollege for Women. I majored in English and continue to write but I also had to taketwo semesters of perception, which changed my life. In my junior class I changed my major tozoology, even though science was not considered an appropriate avenue for women. After graduating college in 1928 I had pull in a full one year experience to JohnsHopkins University in Baltimore. This scholarship did not relieve me or my family of ourfinancial burdens, so I worked throughout graduate school in the genetics departmentassisting Dr. Raymond Pearl and Dr. H.S. Jennings and I worked as an assistant teacher inthe zoology department at the University of Maryland. In 1932 I received my masters inmarine zoology. I continued works part-time as a teacher after graduating to helpsupport my family through the early years of the Depression. In 1935 my start out had aheart attack and passed away leaving me to provide for my mother. In 1936, my sisterMarion passed away at the age of forty leaving behindhand two young daughters, and mymother encouraged me to take them in. That same year I took the civil serviceexamination necessary for promotion to regular junior aquatic biologist. I scored higher than each the other candidates ( who were all male) and became the first female biologist ever hired by the power of Fisheries whom I was employed by for sixteen years as a writer.My article entitled Undersea which had been published in the Atlantic Monthly,won praise from scientists , naturalists, and literary critics, inspiring me to write my first book. Under the sea Wind debuted in 1941 to critical acclaim in both literary andscientific circles but sales plummeted with the bombing of Pearl Harbor. 1942 I began working for the Fish and Wildlife Service promoting fish as an alternative to foods in mindless supply because of the war. By 1948 I moved into an exclusively male domain, earning the grade of biologist, and becoming the editor-in-chief of the Information Division.

The Absence of Knowledge :: Essays Papers

The Absence of Knowledge Never shall I forget that night, the maiden night in camp, which has turned my life into a long night never shall I forget that smoke Night doesnt forever represent the absence of light, but is a symbol for the absence of knowledge. Elie Wiesels book Night is a true account of what the Holocaust did, non only to many Jews but to humanity as well. The night was dark, inundate with close and decay, in the silent gray sky, secreting all that happened in Germany at that time. Crematories filled the night sky with the horrific odor of burning flesh, searing your nostrils. In this night, a concealed operation was occurring. Millions of Jews, including Elies family suffered horrible deaths of incineration, being pushover to death, lack of food, and terrible death marches. This book was titled Night because of the worlds ignorance towards the slaughtering in Germany by the Nazis. Elie and his family were transported by train cramped, starved, and fearful of death. These massive trains carried thousands of women, children and men to an unsung destination, leaving them in the dark, without windows or fresh air they were aliment in an everlasting night. Many Jews went savage and tore their hair out from living in a cramped space. They were not given food or water for many days so they became dehydrated and desperate for effective a bite of hard bread. There was no sanitation in the boxcars. Not having bathrooms and sinks made the train cars reek of waste. Many people went crazy like the woman in Elies car who had images of smoke and fire, screech and yelling till she got knocked out. Because the train cars were so dark and dim it gave everyone indoors them a long night, full of fear. Gleiwitz concentration camp was one of the nastiest camps he had been to. Elie Wiesel worked endless nights, trying to stay alive, and keep his father alive. Many Jews were worked to death by hard labo r and no food. His father was getting weak, so Elie gave him extra rations of food to keep him living.

Truman’s Policy of Containment: As related to the Individual and Socie

Trumans Policy of Containment As related to the Individual and Society Containment in foreign insurance is know as the strategy suggested by George Kennan to prevent Soviet expansionism by exerting envision pressure along Soviet borders. The Truman Doctrine was the name given to a speech President Truman delivered to a joint session of Congress on March 12, 1947, in which he proclaimed a new policy and role for the United States in global affairs. Specifically, the president sought $ cd million in economic and military serve upance for Greece and Turkey, two strategic Mediterranean countries threatened by subversive forces supported by the Soviet Union, after the British said a month earlier that they could no longer provide the needed support. To justify aid for Greece and Turkey to a skeptical Congress, Truman placed the situation in the context of broader changes that he adage taking place in global politics. Truman felt that the peoples of a chip of cou ntries had totalitarian regimes forced upon them against their will. At the time the United States had made ghost protests against coercion and intimidation, in violation of the Yalta agreement, in Poland, Rumania, and Bulgaria, but those protests proved insufficient. Truman state that the United States must now be willing to help let off peoples to maintain their free institutions and their national integrity against aggressive movements that seek to obligate upon them totalitarian regimes. The sweeping language of the speech and the worldwide commitment to assist any state threatened by totalitarianism gained it the status of a doctrine and a lasting policy for the United States. The speech became a declaration of Cold War. The issue was begin... ...hat they wanted to unlike the way it down the stairs a communist regime. As related to the humanities based thought of the individual and society Truman and his policy of containment helped improve the way we look at life and th e status of the world at the time and now. Bibliography - A newspaper publisher to the National Security Council, April 14, 1950, p. 5. - Congressional Record, vol. 93, pt. 2, March 12, 1947, pp. 1980-81. - The Parenthetical Passages from Mr. X George Kennan, The Sources of Soviet Conduct, Foreign Affairs (July 1947), pp. 566-82. - Kagan, Donald. The Western Heritage, 6th edition. pp. 1075-77. - Mansbach, Richard. The Global Puzzle. pp. 112-13. - 5 Apr. 1999. http//www.trumanlibrary.org/photos/av-photo.htm (20 Apr. 1999). - 31 Mar. 1999. http//www.earthstation1.com/Miscellaneous_wwII_pictures.html (20 Apr. 1999).

The Political Community in Guatemala Essay -- essays research papers

The Political CommunityThe social apartheid that be in Guatemala separates Guatemala into two places and does not allow the province to be united, twain democratically socially. The indigenous population is separated from opportunities. Without the minimal conditions, necessary for citizens to practice their rights in practice there is not citizenship and therefore no square(a) democracy. New democratic institutions must both address the anxiety existing among Ladinos and prove to be responsive to a sizeable segment of the field of study community that has previously been excluded based on talking to and ethnicity. Authoritarian regimes which stop considerable power and the democratic transition is never fully consolidated, stable, or lasting. Dealing not only with the elimination of military control, but as well addressing the countrys historical problems, including massive social inequalities. More than half(a) of Guatemalans are descendants of indigenous Mayan peoples. Westernized Mayans and mestizos (mixed European and indigenous ancestry) are cognize as Ladinos. Most of Guatemalas population is rural, though urbanization is accelerating. Although the official language is Spanish, it is not universally understood among the indigenous population. According to the World Bank, Guatemala is the country with the second-greatest income disparity between rich and poor in Latin America, tramp Brazil. On which sides of that divide Guatemalans sit depends largely on whether they are Indian...

An Asian Growing Up in America Essay -- Persoanl Narrative Essays

An Asian Growing Up in the StatesThe air would always be humid and stuffy while ride the bus to school, and the slightest bump in the road would result in tossing up the kids like salad. The backwardsseat would provide carriage for all told the popular and tough kids shouting out at pedestrians on the street or flipping off a heart and soul finger to the bus driver that would shout for them to calm down. I despised those kids in the back. They were the same peck that made my life a living hell, while growing up and attending an American school. My parents sometimes got the notion that they knew everything in my life. They constantly advised me to eat my vegetables, do my homework, and put down the toilet seat down after going to the bathroom. Yet, I matte up as if my mother and father never understood what I went finished in school due to the fact that they grew up in a totally different country. Im sure that if I were raised in an Asian country, no one would pull their eye sockets back and start singing some gabble that didnt even include a real character in any Asian alphabet, because we would all have the same face. My folks just moved to the tear of chance in hopes of getting me a bright future a land that has high school kids shooting up fellow students and teachers. Some future. unremarkable was the same for me, having to deal with racial slurs that would otherwise imprison someone for a hate crime if we were adults. All through out freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior division, people gave me nickname calling like Bruce Lee or Jackie Chan. Its a shame that those names never really held up its title, due to the fact that I didnt know anything about Kung Fu or any fancy warriorlike arts.One cold December morning of my 7th grade year in mi... ...t out, I figured what I wanted to do. Knowing that it would be four years of relentless pestering, I knew that someday I would surmount my tormentors I would keep under cover of my books and study hard to elucidate my buddy proud one day. It would be worth the pain to someday walk into a restaurant and see my former bully exercise to my table wearing an apron and a nametag and wait on me, arrant(a) with a lousy tip. To walk the halls of the hospital I work in, gaudy a stethoscope and white coat while walking across the pedestal that was just cleaned not to long ago by the janitor, who was the same boy that tried to pick a fight with me back in middle school. To me, an Asian in an American school is picking up where my brother left off. Its a promise to my family that I wouldnt frustrate nor dishonor our name. Its a battle thats gains victory without universe fought.

A Jungian Analysis of the Epic of Gilgamesh Essay -- Epic Gilgamesh es

A Jungian Analysis of the Epic of Gilgamesh This paper will provide a unique, psychological perspective on a timeless story that is animated with mythological and religious splendor. I must state clearly that this is non the first time that Gilgamesh has been viewed in the light of the philosophy of Jung. One of deuce Jung essays I happened upon while preparing my research was the Psychology of Religion. Although I initially matte that this source would provide little help with my paper, I was very mistaken. On the seventeenth page, I have discovered Jung directly referencing Gilgamesh himself. While researching, I consulted the many translations of Gilgamesh found on the web. It seemed that the more sources I sought, the greater the occur of differing opinions and convoluted versions I uncovered. In an effort to remain true to the epic, I will mainly be referring to the book, World Mythology, written by Donna Rosenberg with a few inclusions from Kovacs translations. Although R osenbergs version lacks the flair of the latter, it provides a simple doorway coal scuttle to a complicated, yet profound, tale of the first great epic that brings time, mortality, and the anxiety of humanity into a world of personal destiny basically related to our own (Campbell, OM, p. 87-90). The essay is written with the understanding that the reader has prior knowledge of the main subject matter, Dr. Carl Jungs theories of the unconscious, and Joseph Campbells idea that myths are synchronistically reproduced across time. Archaeologists and historians feel confident(p) that Gilgamesh was originally written by the Sumerians and later adapted by the Babylonians who unplowed the identities of Sumers original gods and goddesses. According to Mauree... .... (Stanford Stanford University Press, 1989)Jackson, Danny P.,ed. The Epic of Gilgamesh. Wauconda, IL Bolchazy-Carducci, 1992. Maier, John ed. Gilgamesh. A Reader. Wauconda, IL Bolchazy-Carducci, 1997.Mason, Herbert. Gilgames h. A Verse Narrative. Boston Houghton Mifflin, 1970. Sandars, Nancy K. The Epic of Gilgamesh. Harmmondsworth, UK Penguin Books, 1968, 1971.Temple, Robert, He Who Saw Everything A Verse Version of the Epic of Gilgamesh. London Rider, 1991Thompson, R. Campbell. Gilgamesh Text, Translation, and Notes. Oxford Clarendon, 1930. Campbell, Joseph. The Masks of God Creative Mythology. brisk York Penguin Books, 1968, pp. 4-14, 78-79. Campbell, Joseph. The Masks of God Occidental Mythology. New York Penguin Books, 1964, pp. 9-10, 87-92. Woolley, C. Leonard. THE SUMERIANS. New York AMS PRESS, INC., 1970, p. 22.

The Last Interview of Napoleon Bonaparte by Erica M. Historian Essay

For this interview, I went to visit the St. Helena home of nap nap. He was the former Emperor of France before he was exiled to this small island. He was to spend the rest of his life here. I was lucky enough to give-up the ghost this interview just a few days before his red ink on May 5th, 1821. erica M. Historian Hello, Mr. Bonaparte. It is a pleasure to cope with you. How are you this take downing? sleep Bonaparte Hello. I am doing truly well, thank you.Erica M. Historian May I call you short sleep?Napoleon Bonaparte You may, still I rather you call me Emperor. Erica M. Historian Of course. So, what got you interested in a troops career?Napoleon Bonaparte Around the age of nine, my father had sent me to a military academy in Brienne, France (The Dublin Penny Journal 394). That experience twist me to a career in military and I then became an officer around 1785 (Encyclopedia 2001).Erica M. Historian I know that you were promoted to a public rank in 1793. You were only t wenty- four correct? That is a real young age to become a general. How did you achieve that?Napoleon Bonaparte That is correct. I became a general by proving I was made to be a leader. I had a countless amount of energy and ambition. I learned how to make the best with what I had and take advantage of opportunities. I successfully defeated the British at the siege of Toulon. After that I even had a few astonishing victories as commander in chief for the army of Italy. This was one of my many achievements (Encyclopedia, 2001).Erica M. Historian some(prenominal) refer to you as a military genius. What do you think your about successful battle was?Napoleon Bonaparte I would have to ordinate the siege of Toulon because this battle really showed my military expertise. If I did no... ...ee cents an acre or even leading my troops into a Russian winter. If I dwelled on my mistakes I made, I would never have time to reminisce about my broad accomplishments.Erica M. I was lucky to get t his interview when I did. Napoleon, at a time the Great Emperor of France, passed away just three days aft(prenominal) this interview. He passed away on May 5, 1821 of stomach cancer but some see it was arsenic poising. Most historians do not believe this theory. It was said his last wish was for his son to become emperor (Thompson 436). working CitedNapoleon Bonaparte. The Dublin Penny Journal 3.154 (1835) 393-94.JSTOR. Web. 03 May 2014. Napoleon, Bonaparte. Encyclopedia of patriotism Leaders, Movements, and Concepts. Oxford Elsevier Science & Technology, 2000. Credo Reference. Web. 4 May 2014.Thompson, J. M. Napoleon Bonaparte. New York Oxford UP, 1952. Print.